题型突破(八) 主旨大意之标题归纳题
A
(2017·盐城南洋中学月考)
I am a strong believer that if a child is raised with approval，he will learn to love himself and will be successful in his own way.
Several weeks ago，I was doing homework with my son in the third
grade and he kept standing up from his chair to go over the math lines.I kept asking him to sit down，telling him that he should concentrate better.He sat but seconds later，as if he didn’t even notice he was doing it，he got up again.I was getting frustrated，but then it hit me.I started noticing his answers were much quicker and accurate when he stood up.Could he be more intent while standing up?
This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe.I was raised to believe that a quiet，calm child was a sure way to success.This child would have the discipline to study hard，get good grades and become someone important in life.
Now those same people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA and personality traits，and all you can do is loving and accepting them.As parents，throughout their growing years and beyond that，we need to be our kids’ best cheerleaders，guiding them and helping them find their way.
I have stopped asking my son to sit down and concentrate.Obviously，he is concentrating just in his own way and not mine.We need to learn to accept our kids’ ways of doing things.Some way may have worked for me but doesn’t mean we need to carry it through generations.There is nothing sweeter than being individual and unique.It makes us free and happy and that’s just the way I want my kids to live their own life.
语篇解读 作者通过辅导孩子写作业的经历意识到用传统的教育方式约束孩子已不再适用，父母应该引导和帮助孩子找到适合他们自身的学习方法，培养他们独特的个性，进而促使他们获得成功。
1．At the beginning，the author tried to keep his son seated in order to make him . A．pay more attention to his study B．keep silent in the room C．finish his homework on time D．get right answers 答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I kept asking him to sit down，telling him that he should concentrate better.”可知，作者让他儿子坐下来是想让他更专心地学习。故选A。 2．Inspired by the case of his son，the author began to doubt . A．the importance of parents B．the old form of education
C．the relationship between kids and their parents D．the good grades of some kids 答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段尤其是第一句“This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe.”可知，作者开始怀疑传统的教育方式是否正确。故选B。 3．According to the passage，which of the following statements is RIGHT? A．We should help kids correct their wrong ways. B．Parents should study their kids’ DNA. C．Kids should be taught to behave themselves. D．Parents should love and accept their kids. 答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...and all you can do is loving and accepting them.”可知，父母应该关爱并接受他们的孩子。故选D。
4．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? A．Study Hard and You’ll Be Successful B．Be Friendly to Your Children
C．Children’s Success in Their Own Style D．Parents’ Help with Their Children’s Study 答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。文章第一段开门见山地提出了本文的主题，如果孩子得到了认同，就能学会自爱并用自己的方式取得成功，所以C项最能概括文章大意。
B
(2016·盐城三模)
For 150 million years during the age of the dinosaurs，a group of dolphin-like reptiles called ichthyosaurs ruled the ocean—until everything started to go wrong.
After multiplying into about 100 known species，ichthyosaurs began to disappear from the oceans around the middle of the Cretaceous period，a time of turbulent changes in the environment.The aquatic reptiles went extinct 28 million years before the rest of their dinosaur cohort.
Scientists have been unable to find a singular cataclysmic event，such as a volcanic eruption or meteorite strike，which could explain ichthyosaurs’abrupt disappearance from the fossil record.
Now researchers have new explanation for the lizard fish’s demise：They had lost their ability to adapt to a swiftly changing climate.
The aquatic lizards thrived throughout the early years of the dinosaurs in the Permian，Triassic and Jurassic periods.Then came the Cretaceous period.
That was a turbulent(动荡不安的)time to live on Earth.The poles were nearly ice-free，causing sea levels to reach great heights.Temperatures were among the hottest the planet has seen in the last 250 million years.
Scientists have blamed the demise of the ichthyosaurs on their inability to keep up with other predators or the loss of key prey species.But a new study by Valentin Fischer，a paleontologist who studies ichthyosaurs at the University of Liege in Belgium，and his colleagues says neither of these explanations could account for the scale and speed of the
Writing in the journal Nature Communications，Fischer and his colleagues argue that the unstable climate contributed to the disappearance of ichthyosaurs during a 5-million to 6-million-year window in the Cretaceous known as the Cenomanian stage.
“While the rising temperatures and the higher sea didn’t had a direct effect on the ichthyosaurs，they could have played an indirect role in their decline，”Fischer said.“The changing climate could have made their food more scarce，or disrupted migratory routes and birthing places，among other consequences.”
Despite their variety of body shapes and survival strategies，ichthyosaurs were unable to keep up with all of these changes，the study authors wrote.
They reached this conclusion by comparing the geological record of the Cretaceous to a newly reconstructed history of ichthyosaur evolution based on museum specimens and a review of information in previously published studies.
What became clear was that the ichthyosaurs extinction coincided with global climate shifts and the animals’ slower rate of evolution，which left them unable to adapt as their environment changed，the study found.
“They were probably very well adapted to their niches，and their environments were probably pretty stable，” Fischer said.“That could have lowered the pressure of natural selection and thus lowered their rates of evolution.”
Think of the Cenomanian stage as a transition period.
语篇解读 本文是说明文，题材是科普知识类。本文介绍了鱼龙?ichthyosaur?灭绝的原因。
5．The underlined word “That” in Paragraph 6 refers to the period of . A．Permian C．Jurassic 答案 D
解析 代词指代题。根据第五段最后一句“Then came the Cretaceous period.”可知，鱼龙一直活到了白垩纪时代。第六段紧接着说，这是地球上生存的动荡时期。可见 that 指白垩纪时代。故选D项。
6．Fischer and his colleagues came to their conclusion by . A．making comparisons B．conducting experiments C．analyzing samples D．observing weather changes 答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“They reached this conclusion by comparing the geological record of the Cretaceous to a newly reconstructed history of ichthyosaur evolution...”可知，
B．Triassic D．Cretaceous
Fischer 和他的同事们是通过比较得出结论的。故选A项。
7．Which of the following sentences can be used to conclude the last but one paragraph? A．No pains，no gains. B．No man is wise at all times. C．A bad beginning makes a bad ending. D．Survive in disasters，perish in comfort. 答案 D
解析 段落大意题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Fischer 认为，鱼龙很可能十分适应它们的生态区位，它们的环境也很可能是稳定的，那样的话可能降低了自然选择的压力，因而降低了它们的进化速度。“Survive in disasters，perish in comfort.”(生于忧患死于安乐)，符合本段内容。故选D项。
8．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．A New Research Focused on the History of Ichthyosaur Evolution B．A Swift Climate Change Followed the Disappearance of Ichthyosaurs C．Climate Change Taught Ancient Ichthyosaurs a Lesson：Adapt or Die D．Ichthyosaurs Ruled the Ocean for 150 Million Years Before Disappearing 答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。纵览全文可知，文章的主题是，新的研究发现鱼龙灭绝的原因是它们失去了适应气候变化的能力。因此，题目为“气候变化给古代鱼龙一个教训：适应或灭亡”，符合文章内容。故选C项。
C
(2017·苏锡常镇四市一模)
A person’s chances of falling ill from a new strain(菌株) of flu are at least partly determined by the first strain they ever met with，a study suggests.
Research in Science Journal looked at the 18 strains of influenza A(甲型流感) and the hemagglutinin protein(红血球凝集素蛋白) on its surface.They say there are only two types of this protein and people are protected from the one their body meets first，but at risk from the other one.
A UK expert said that could explain different patterns in flu pandemics(流行病)．
The researchers，from the University of Arizona in Tucson and the University of California，Los Angeles，suggest their findings could explain why some flu outbreaks cause more deaths and
2018年高考英语专题三 阅读理解 第三步 题型突破(八) 含答案
