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………2010-2011学年第二学期 (院校）义马函授站
… …10级机电一体化、矿井通风与安全、 ＿…＿…＿…煤矿开采技术专业《大学英语3》
＿…＿…＿线期末考试试题
号…学…注意事项：
…１．请首先按要求在试卷的标封处填写您的姓名、专业、学号。 … ２．在试题后答题，写在其它处无效。 … … …题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 总分 … ＿分数 ＿……＿…评分人 ＿… ＿封＿…
＿…＿…一、 Explain the terms (30 points) 名…姓…1、consonant cluster ……2、nasal plosion … … 3、lateral plosion
… … 4、an initial consonant cluster 密 … ＿…5、missing explosion ＿…＿…6、fricatives
＿…＿…二、 Reading comprehention and translation (30 points)
＿…＿…Americans think a great deal about time. They constantly refer to time and 业…专……the value of keeping busy. From childhood, they learn to value time, and ……their language reflects this preoccupation with it. As children, they are …taught to be on time for events and to do work on time. They learn that the price of committing a crime is to do time in prison. When they are having a
第 1 页 good time, they say that time flies; they say sadly of someone who is dying that he is living on borrowed time. From the time of its beginning, American English has reflected this preoccupation with time. Nowhere can this sense of time be seen more clearly than in the working place. Working Americans are bound to the clock. It is a commonly held belief that one should balance work against a set time, for example an 8 hour day or a 40 hour week. Anything over these time limits is overtime, and the worker should receive more money per hour for work done during overtime. Time during nonworking hours is also considered very precious. Whether an American decides on a hectic weekend schedule, when Saturday and Sunday are filled with activities, or on a relaxed weekend, the time will be regarded as valuable. Some Americans feel they have a love / hate relationship with time. They love the comforts that progress has brought through work, but they hate the bondage to the clock and the pressures of a time-oriented society. There is little doubt that many Americans feel they have become servants of the clock.
M: What are some of the expressions reflecting Americans' preoccupation with time?
F: ___________________________________________. M: What is overtime?
F: ___________________________________________.
M: Why do many Americans feel they have become servants of the clock? F: ___________________________________________.
三、Writing 40 Family
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答案：
郑留安 2011-04-09
?一、Definition
?1、consonant cluster : A consonant cluster is a group （一组的）or
sequence of (连续的) consonants that appear together in a syllable without a vowel between them.
What is a consonant cluster?
?Definition: A consonant cluster is a group
（一组的）or sequence of (连
续的) consonants that appear together in a syllable without a vowel between them.
?In the word chat, the letters c and h appear contiguously but are not a
consonant cluster, even though both are separate consonants in other contexts (cat; hat). In this instance, ch is a digraph （二合字母（代表一个单音的两个字母, 如sheaf中sh ） because the ch sequence represents a single sound in the underlying English sound system.
?digraph ['daiɡrɑ:f, -ɡr?f] ?基本翻译
?n. 连字；两字母发一音 ? contiguously [k?n'tigju?sli]
第 1 页 ?基本翻译
?adv. 连续地；接触地 ?网络释义
?contiguously:连续|接触地|接触
?underlying [,?nd?'laii?] ?基本翻译
?adj. 潜在的；根本的；在下面的；优先的
?v. 放在的下面；为的基础；优先于（underlie的ing形式） ?
?Examples： Here are some examples of consonant clusters: ?/sp/ and /ts/ in the word spots ?/spr/ in the word spray
?Exercises: p83-5, 1-6
?2、 nasal plosion （鼻腔爆破） ：The release of a plosive by lowering the
soft palate so that air escapes through the nose, as at the end of the words Hidden, sadden, sudden, leaden.
?When /t/ or /d/ is followed by /n/, (as in button /
btn/ and
garden / ga:dn/), the explosion of the plosive takes place through the
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nose.
Nasal Plosion （鼻腔爆破）
?3、
lateral plosion （舌边爆破） ：The release of a plosive by lowering
the sides of the tongue, as at the end of the word saddle.
?When /t/ or /d/ is followed by /l/, (as in little /
litl/ and middle / midl/), the tongue-tip remains on the ridge of the upper front teeth, but one or both sides of the tongue are suddenly lowered so that the breath passes out with lateral plosion. Lateral Plosion （舌边爆破）
?4、an initial consonant cluster：When two or three or more plosives get
together at the beginning of a word. We call it an initial consonant cluster.
?Great ?Spring
?5、missing explosion ： When two plosives meet together within a word.
The first one doesn’t explode. Just hold the air and leave the time for the sound.
?Act
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?6、fricatives：fricative consonants are the sounds in the production of
which the lungs push air through a narrow opening where it causes frictions of various kinds.
?二、passage
?Americans think a great deal about time. They constantly refer to time and
the value of keeping busy. From childhood, they learn to value time, and their language reflects this preoccupation with it.
?As children, they are taught to be on time for events and to do work on
time. They learn that the price of committing a crime is to do time in prison. When they are having a good time, they say that time flies; they say sadly of someone who is dying that he is living on borrowed time. From the time of its beginning, American English has reflected this preoccupation with time.
?Nowhere can this sense of time be seen more clearly than in the working
place. Working Americans are bound to the clock. It is a commonly held belief that one should balance work against a set time, for example an 8 hour day or a 40 hour week. Anything over these time limits is overtime, and the worker should receive more money per hour for work done during overtime.
?Time during nonworking hours is also considered very precious. Whether
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《大学英语》试题与答案、
