雅思写作核心语料库

Language for IELTS Writing Education 教育的对象/阶段： children

primary education, elementary education students, school, schooling, general education

adolescents/juveniles/youngsters/youths n. 青少年 adolescent adj. 青春期的

adolescent worries青春期的烦恼 secondary education 中学 high school 中学 high school graduates

university students, college graduates vocational diploma higher education young adults

教育的方式

the approach/method/fashion of education 1. parenting/upbringing n. 家庭教育

A good parent should help children (to) know what important things in life are, what role they will play in their world, and how they are expected to behave. (the purposes/aims of education家庭教育的目的) 2. schooling n. 学校教育 Teachers should help children (to) learn how to cooperate with others and how to contribute to the life of their community. (the purposes/aims of education学校教育的目的) aptitude (for)/talent (for) n. 天资，禀赋

develop/cultivate/foster/nurture v. 培养 (nature先天 vs. nurture后天) specialist n. 专才 generalist n. 通才

all-rounded/well-rounded/versatile adj. 全面的 awareness/ sense n. 意识

the development of students' personality and values 学生个性和价值观的发展(素质教育的具体内容) mold (or mould英式拼写) one’s character塑造某人的性格

mold (or mould英式拼写) someone into something 把某人塑造成….. a (or the) the sense of responsibility (or duty/ obligation) 责任感

teaching students how to judge right and wrong and how to behave well (素质教育的具体内容) values and attitudes prevalent among someone 在某些人中普遍存在的价值观、态度

the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 正确的价值观、世界观和人生观 physical(or mental) and psychological soundness (or well-being/welfare) 身体和心理的健康

promote the student’s physical, psychological(or mental), intellectual and emotional development 促进学生身体、心理、智力和情感的发展 behave v. 行为举止 behavior n. 行为举止

a valuable member of society 有价值的社会一员

make contributions to social progress 对社会进步做贡献

contribute to social well-being (or welfare) 为社会健康发展做贡献 achieve life value 实现人生价值

pedagogy n. /pedagogical (or teaching) methodology教学法 =teaching method educational adj. 教育的，有教育意义的

inspiring adj. 激励的，启发心灵的，鼓舞人心的

impart knowledge (to someone) /inculcate knowledge (in/into/upon someone) 传授知识 obtain (or acquire) knowledge and skills 获得知识和技能

students’ command (or grasp) of something 学生对……的掌握 a good command of English 良好的英语语言能力

give someone an edge/advantage in 给某人某方面的优势 motivated adj. 积极的，有动力的

give students motivation to do something/motivate the students to do something 给学生动力做某事 initiative n. 主动性

encourage sb. to take the initiative to do sth 鼓励某人积极主动做某事 reasoning ability 推理能力

analyzing skills and problem-solving ability 分析和解决问题的能力 research skills 研究技能

creative/original adj. 有创造力的 creativity / originality n. 创造力 creative thinking 创新思维 critical thinking 批判性思维

encourage students to think critically 鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题 think independently 独立思考

communication and social skills 沟通、社交能力 team spirit 团队精神 Family community n. 社区，社会，团体 community service 社区服务

unpaid community service 无偿的社区服务

household/home n. 家庭 household wastes 家庭垃圾 single-parent home (or household) 单亲家庭 family values 家庭观念

strengthen family bonds (or ties) 加强家庭、亲情的联系 a (or the) sense of belonging 归属感

an attachment to/an affinity for 对……的依恋 generation gap 代沟 offspring n. 后代

personality clashes 性格冲突，性格不合 domestic violence 家庭暴力 mistreat/abuse v. 虐待

addiction to/be addicted to 对......上瘾 quality family time 有质量的家庭生活 The Young the protection of the young 未成年保护

Children are always curious about new experience. 孩子总是对新事物感到好奇。 lack of self-control 缺少自控 (此处 lack作名词，作动词时应为lack self-control) discipline n. 纪律

be unable to distinguish right from wrong 没有能力判断是非 be vulnerable to negative influence 易受外界不良影响 vulnerable groups 弱势群体 impressionable adj. 易受影响的

have less awareness of adverse consequences 无法充分意识到不良后果 take sensible precautions 采取合理的预防措施

critical time of physical and psychological development 身心发展的关键期 develop something 发展、培养...... parental guidance 父母的指导 parenting n. 父母的教育 guardianship n. 监护 guide v. 引导

custody n. 抚养权，监护权

the intervention of parents 父母的干涉

a degree of parental intervention 一定程度的父母的干预 intervene in 干预

exercise/have some control over 对……稍加控制

Parents should exercise/have some control over their children. 父母对孩子要有一定的约束力。

Young people sometimes have a tendency to prioritize (or prioritise 英式拼写) short-term needs and wants over long-term goals. 年轻人有时倾向于优先考虑短期的需求以及想做的事情，而不是为长远的目标做打算。

have a tendency to do something 趋向于做某事 prioritize ... over ... 优先...而不是...

time/risk/money management 时间/风险/金钱的管理 manage time/risk/money 管理时间/风险/金钱

allow children a degree of autonomy 让孩子有一定程度的自治

learn to make good decisions independently 学会独立做出良好的判断 growing up 成长

the young/youngsters/youths 年轻人

adolescents/juveniles/teenagers n. 青少年

adolescent adj. 青春期的 (e.g. adolescent worries 青少年的忧虑) juvenile adj. 青少年的

juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquent(s) 少年犯 The Old elderly people/senior citizens/the old 老年人 longer life expectancy 寿命长 life span 寿命 twilight life 晚年

see retirement as a time for relaxation and letting go off the stress of working life 把退休看作放松、释放工作压力的时候

rich experience in both life and work 丰富的人生阅历和工作经验 contribute actively to one’s community 积极地为社区/集体做贡献

engage in (or get involved in) volunteer (or voluntary) work 参与志愿者工作

Elderly people’s working experience may continue to be valuable to their employers. 老年人的工作经验可能对雇主来说仍然有价值。

Some elder employees remain in work as mentors for younger employees. 一些老员作为年轻人的导师继续工作。

ag(e)ing (or graying/greying) society 老龄化社会

the proportion of the old is increasing rapidly 老年人的比例迅速增加 pension plan 退休金计划

medical care and pension may pose a financial burden for the government 医疗服务和退休金可能会给政府造成财政负担

labor (or labour) shortage 劳动力短缺 economy hole 经济缺口 challenge n. 挑战

challenging adj. 有挑战的 Gender Equality 性别平等 gender discrimination性别歧视

an enlightened (or a progressive) society 一个开明的社会 sexual harassment 性骚扰

a mother’s instinct =maternal instinct 一个母亲的本能 parental instinct 父母本能 child bearing 生育孩子 child rearing 抚养孩子

traditional role in… ……上传统的角色 (e.g. traditional role in raising children, taking care of the family and committing to the housework)

be tied down by household chores 被家务事拖累 not physically strong 不是身体强壮

less aggressive nature (性格上)较少攻击性的

Certain posts may need to remain predominantly male or female.某些职位可能需要主要由男性或女性来担当。

Men and women can bring different perspectives and approaches to a job. 男性和女性能够用不同的观点和方法从事同一份工作。

Males and females may not approach work in identical ways. 男性和女性可能会用不同的方式处理工作。 greater freedom of choice in terms of employment 更加自由的择业

Making occupations more open to both genders has distinct advantages. 进一步开放职场对男性和女性都有着明显的好处。

The changes may be subtle, but they could be far-reaching. 这些变化可能是微妙的，但他们带来的改变可能是深远的。

Urban Life ...is a significant feature of modern life ...是现代生活的一个重要特征 the tempo (or pace) of life 生活节奏 accelerate v. 加速，促进 accelerating adj. 促进的

the current (or present) situation =the status quo 现状 intense (or keen/stiff/fierce) competition 激烈的竞争 workplace n. 职场

job (or employment) opportunities 就业机会 career path 职业道路

career prospect 职业前景 job-hopping n. 跳槽

job hopper 频繁换职业的人 hop v. 蹦跳

colleague n. 同事 workaholic n. 工作狂 recruit v. 雇佣

labor (or labour英式拼写) pool 劳动力资源 operating costs/overhead costs 运营成本

pursue maximum profits 追求最大限度的利润 productive adj. 多产的

counterproductive adj. 会导致效率低的，反生产的 productivity n. 生产力

telecommute v. 远程办公 (多指在家上班) telecommuting n. 远程办公 (多指在家上班) commute v. 通勤 commuter n. 通勤者

create alienation (or isolation) between people 导致人与人之间疏远 alienated adj. (人之间) 疏远的 alienate v. 使疏远，离间 fatigue n.&v. 疲劳 fatigued adj. 疲乏的

sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia 失眠 (注：insomnia 可指失眠症) deprive v. 剥夺

depression n. 抑郁 (症) depressed adj. 抑郁的

pretentious/ostentatious 自命不凡，爱炫耀，爱慕虚荣的 materialistic adj. 物质化的

money-worshipping adj. 唯利是图的，过于功利的，贪财的

sedentary lifestyle 缺少运动的生活方式 sedentary adj. 久坐的，不活动的 active adj. 活跃的 obesity n. 肥胖症 obese adj. 肥胖的 high-fat adj. 高脂肪的 calorie n. 卡路里

over nourishment n. 营养过剩 over-nourished adj. 营养过剩的 nourishing/nutritious adj. 有营养的 nutrients (pl.) 营养(物) recipe n. 食谱

the increasing availability of convenience food 日益普及的方便食品 availability n. 可用的、可得的物或人

the increasing availability of... ...的日益普及 processed food 经加工的食品

sophisticated ready-prepared microwavable meals 精致的、准备好的微波炉食品 home-cooked meals 家里的饭菜

Traditional foods are an important aspect of culture and social life. 传统的饮食是文化和社会生活的重要部分。

entertainment/diversion/recreation/amusement n. 娱乐，消遣

leisure n. 闲暇，空闲； & adj 闲暇的，空闲的 (e.g. leisure time 空闲、休闲时光) wellbeing n. 康乐，安乐

welfare n. 福利 & adj. 福利的 (e.g. welfare system 福利体系)

urbanization (or urbanisation英式拼写) n. 城市化 metropolis n. 大都市

metropolitan adj. 大都市的

cosmopolitan adj. 全世界的，世界性的，国际化的 (e.g. a cosmopolitan city 国际化都市) population growth 人口增长

population explosion (or boom) 人口爆炸 population density 人口密度 demographics n. 人口统计 suburb n. 郊区

the gap between the urban area and rural area =the disparity between the city and the countryside 城乡差距

eliminate v. 消除

affluent/wealthy/well-off adj. 富裕的

needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/deprived/indigent /destitute adj. 贫穷的 poverty alleviation 扶贫 alleviate v.缓解

impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct /inhibit v. 阻碍，妨碍 have access to 能获得，能使用 facilities/amenities (pl.) 设施 infrastructure n. 基础设施 function n. 功能； & v. 运行 superior adj. 优秀的，出众的 inferior adj. 差的，次的，低劣的

architecture n. 建筑风格，建筑设计，建筑学 (注：为不可数名词，不可以指代具体的某一建筑物) exterior n. 建筑的外观 & adj. 外部的 interior n. 建筑的内观 & adj. 内部的 rundown adj. 破旧的 (多指建筑物)

tear down/knock down/demolish/raze v. 拆除 relocate v. 搬迁

old buildings of special aesthetic value 有特殊美学价值的老房子 buildings of historic significance 有特殊历史意义的老房子 high-rise building(s) 高楼 skyscraper(s) n. 摩天大厦 concrete jungle 混凝土丛林

raise the utilization rate of land 提高土地利用率

beautify the cities/better the cityscape 让城市更美观 cityscape n. 城市风光，市容 spoil the cityscape 有损市容市貌

mass car ownership 大规模的汽车拥有 rising car ownership 上涨的汽车拥有量

a trend may seem inexorable 一个似乎势不可挡的趋势 undesirable consequences 不良的后果 a desirable option 一个理想的选择 car wrecks (or accidents/crashes) 车祸 traffic accident perpetrator(s) 交通肇事者 speed limit 限速

long distance travel 远距离行驶 jaywalk v. 违章横穿马路

jaywalker n. 违章横穿马路的人 pedestrians (pl.) 行人

traffic jam(s)/traffic congestion 交通堵塞 congested adj. 拥堵的

gridlock n. 多指大范围的交通瘫痪 surveillance camera 监控摄像头 punitive measures 惩罚措施

discourage unnecessary car use 减少不必要的汽车使用 a road tax 道路税

road congestion pricing schemes 道路拥挤收费方案

public transportation (or transport 英式拼写) options should be plentiful, convenient, reliable 丰富的、便捷的、可靠的公共交通工具

alternative means (or modes) of transportation (or transport 英式拼写) 可替代的交通方式 commute v. 通勤 commuter n. 通勤者

commuter rail network 通勤铁路网

a network of cycle lanes and other facilities for cyclists 自行车道路网以及其他供自行车使用者使用的设施

Technology technological advances (or progressions) 科技进步 technological innovations科技创新 technological inventions 科技发明 advance v.&n. 发展 transform v. 转变

… have/has transformed...的(彻底)改变 breakthrough n. 突破

cutting-edge technology 尖端、前沿的技术 hi-tech adj. 高科技的

hi-tech features 高科技特征 digital adj. 数字的，数码的 electronic adj. 电子的

an increasing popularity (or prevalence) of/…be increasingly prevalent (or popular) ……越来越流行 at a staggering (or astonishing) rate 以惊人的速度 the information age (or era) 信息时代

information explosion (or overload) 信息爆炸

the proliferation of the Internet/the extensive use of the Internet /the widespread use of the Internet 互联网的广泛使用

surf on the Internet/log on (or onto) the Internet 上网 social networking n. 社交网络

social networking websites 社交网站

promote (or facilitate) communication 促进交流

have (or gain) more access to information 获取更多的信息 have access to 使用，接近，可以利用 accessible adj. 易接近的

obtain information in various ways 以不同的方式获取信息 with the click of a mouse 鼠标一点

with the click on the keyboard 键盘一敲 geographical barrier 地理上的阻碍 productive adj. 多产的，高生产率的 productivity n. 生产力，生产率

enhance (or boost/promote) efficiency or productivity 提高效率或生产率 machinery n. 机器、机械 (总称)

labor-saving machinery 减少人力的机器 labor-replacing machinery 取代人力的机器 automation n. 自动化 automated adj. 自动化的

telecommunications n. 远程通讯,电信学

traditional way of/conventional method of 传统的手段、方法 online retailer 网上零售商 retail n.&v. 零售

retail market 零售市场

cost-effective 节省成本的，划算的

biotechnology n. 生物技术 clone n.&v. 克隆 cloning n. 克隆 gene n. 基因

genetic adj. 基因的，遗传的

genetically modified adj. 转基因的 genetically modified food 转基因食品 modify v. 修改

one’s genetic makeup (or DNA programming) ...的基因构成

hacker n. 黑客

hack (into) v. 入侵、潜入 (他人的电脑) hack n. 入侵、潜入 (他人的电脑)

the problem of… is becoming increasingly severe……的问题越来越严重、令人担忧 severe=disturbing/grave/worrying/serious/worrisome/ troublesome

increasing work pressure and less quality family time 工作压力的增加，幸福家庭时光的减少 (工作和家庭时间模糊)

cybercrimes n. 网络犯罪

security/safety issues 安全问题 security/safety concerns 安全隐患

violate someone’s privacy 侵犯某人的隐私 identity theft 身份盗窃、盗用

identity thief 盗用身份的小偷 pirate v. 剽窃，侵犯专利 pirated adj. 盗版的

piracy n. 盗版，侵犯版权

questionable contents such as pornography and violence 不良的内容，例如色情和暴力 damage one’s health 对人的健康造成危害 weakened eyesight 视力的减弱 less outdoor exercise 户外活动减少

sedentary lifestyle 久坐的、静态的生活方式

indulge in (or be lost in) the virtual world 沉溺于、迷失于虚拟世界 be isolated from the real world 游离于现实世界之外

weaken the relationships with families and friends 削弱与家人、朋友的关系 become solitary 性格变得孤僻 Media mass media 大众传媒 social media 社交媒体 the print media 印刷媒体

the electronic media 电子媒体 the press 报刊(总称)，新闻界

news outlet(s)/organizations 新闻媒体 coverage n. 报道 (注: 不可数名词) media coverage of... 媒体对......的报道 cover v. 报道

current affairs 时事 journalist n. 记者

the code of conduct 行为准则

the code of ethics 道德规范 (尤指职业的)

strong/impeccable work ethics 较强的/无懈可击的职业道德 prevalent/pervasive adj. 无所不在的，普遍存在的 the prevalence of ……的流行、盛行

a profound effect on 对……有着深远的影响

disclose (or expose/reveal/unveil) social problems 揭露社会问题

monitor (or supervise) and push the government to address social problems 监督、推动政府解决社会问题

report … in graphic detail非常详尽的报道……

factual accounts (e.g. give a factual account of …) 如实的描述、报道…… newsworthy adj. 有新闻价值的

up-to-date/up-to-the-minute adj. 最新的，及时的 objective and balanced adj. 客观公正的

reliable/trustworthy/dependable adj. 可信的，可靠的 biased/skewed adj. 不客观的，有偏见的

distorted/misleading /misrepresented adj. 令人误导的，不如实报道的，曲解的 fraudulent adj. 欺骗性的 informative adj. 信息量大的 entertaining adj. 娱乐性的 censor v.&n. 审查

censorship n. 审查制度

impose censorship on… 对……实施审查 delete/eliminate v. 删除 evaluate v. 评价，评估

the evaluation on 对……的评价、评估 critical adj. 批判的 be critical of be flooded (or filled) with … 充斥着

excessive violent and pornographic contents过多的暴力与色情内容 at the expense/cost of 以……为代价 media hype 媒体炒作 advertising hype 广告炒作 hype n. 炒作，大肆吹捧

hype v. 对……大肆宣传，吹捧

commercial n. (commercials pl.) 商业广告 public service advertising 公益广告

evoke (or stimulate) impulse buying 刺激冲动性购物 shopaholic n. (shopaholics pl.) 购物狂 promotion n. 推广，促销 marketing tool 市场营销手段

induce someone to do something 诱导、引诱某人做某事 target audience 目标受众

sensationalize /exaggerate v. 耸人听闻的夸大某事，大肆渲染

over-report … to hook viewers so as to/in order to maximize profits 为了利益最大化，从而过度报道……来吸引公众的眼球

spin out of control 事态发展失控

violate someone’s privacy 侵犯某人的隐私

destroy (or ruin) one’s reputation 毁坏某人的名誉 celebrity n. 名人

cult of celebrity 名人热，名人崇拜 publicity n. 宣传，宣扬，公开 receive publicity获取公众关注度 notoriety n. 声名狼藉，臭名昭著

notorious adj. 声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的

misbehavior (or misbehaviour 英式拼写) =poor behavior n. 品行不端 acceptable behavior (or behaviour 英式拼写) 可接受的行为 paparazzi (pl.) 狗仔队

gossip n. 流言蜚语 & v. 讲闲话 scandal(s) n. 丑闻

cover up/gloss over/whitewash v. 掩盖 Culture & Globalization (or globalisation 英式拼写) cultural heritage 文化遗产(注：复数形式为cultural heritages) heritage(s) n. 遗产，传统，继承物

tangible cultural heritage(s) 物质文化遗产(e.g. historic sites 历史遗迹) tangible adj. 有形的

intangible cultural heritage(s) 非物质文化遗产(e.g. customs 风俗；traditions 传 统；rites 习俗, 仪式； rituals 典礼，宗教仪式；mores 风俗，民德) intangible adj. 无形的

time-honored (or time-honoured 英式拼写) adj. 历史悠久的 protect v. 保护 protection n. 保护

preserve v. 保存，维护，保护 preservation n. 保存，维护，保护 forefather(s)/ancestor(s) n. 祖先

descendant(s)/posterity n. 后代(注：posterity 是不可数名词) ethnic groups (or races) 民族

the harmony between ethnic groups (or races) 民族团结 ethnic minorities 少数民族

cultural identity 文化特性，文化认同

erode v. 侵蚀(e.g. erode national/regional cultural identity 侵蚀某一国家的/地 区的文化特性)

the process of globalization (or globalisation 英式拼写) 全球化进程 an inevitable and irreversible trend 一个必然的、不可逆转的趋势 an inexorable trend 一个势不可挡的趋势 a sweeping trend 席卷一切的趋势 the global village 地球村

Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values across national borders. 文化全球化是指跨越国界的思想、内涵以及价值上的传承。 This process is marked by the common consumption of cultures that have been

diffused by the Internet, popular culture, and international travel. 这个进程的特征 是对通过互联网、流行文化以及国际旅行而传播的文化的日常消费。

Cultural globalization is not a single global culture, but the trends of cross-cultural exchange and integration. 文化全球化不是全球文化的单一化，而是不同文化之间 的交流与融合的趋势。

cultural assimilation 文化同化 assimilate v. (使)同化

cultural integration and synthesis 文化融合 integration n. 一体化，整合，结合 integrate v. (使)一体化，(使)整合

integrated adj. 一体化的，结合的，整体的 synthesize v. 合成，综合 interaction n. 相互影响

interact v. 相互作用，相互影响 enrich v. 丰富

cultural diversity (or variety) 文化多元性 cultural richness 文化底蕴 Environment sustainable development 可持续发展 ecosystem/ecological system 生态系统 ecological balance 生态平衡

environmentalist /conservationist n. 环保主义者 conserve v. 保护，保存，节约

conservation n. 保护，保存，节约(e.g. wildlife /water and soil /resource /energy conservation)

preserve/protect v. 保护，维护，保存

preservation /protection n. 保护，维护，保存

eco-friendly adj. 不妨碍生态环境的，有益于生态环境的 environmentally-friendly adj. 对环境无害的，环保的 =environmentally sound

consume/deplete v. 消耗(资源) use up/exhaust v. 用尽(资源)

exploit natural resources 开采自然资源 alternative resources 可替代资源

alternative energy sources 可替代能源 renewable resources 可再生资源 wind energy 风能

hydro power 水力发电 solar power 太阳能(发电)

non-renewable resources 不可再生资源 metals n. 金属 minerals n. 矿产

fossil energy sources=fossil resources 化石能源 fossil fuels 化石燃料 petroleum n. 石油 natural gas n. 天然气 coal n. 煤

lack of/shortage/scarcity/dearth/deficiency n. 短缺 lack v. 短缺

energy crisis 能源危机

energy-saving technologies 节能技术 stretched resources 紧张的资源

put a strain on the resources 承受压力的资源 damage v. & n. 破坏

climate change 气候变化

greenhouse effect/global warming 温室效应 ozone layer 臭氧层

deforestation n. 砍伐森林，滥砍滥发 natural disasters 自然灾害 sand and dust storm 沙尘暴 drought and flood 干旱与洪水 fertile soil 肥沃的土壤 infertile soil 贫瘠的土壤 arable land /farmland 耕地 boost crop yield 增加粮食产量 contaminate/pollute v. 污染 contamination /pollution n. 污染 severe/grave/grievous adj. 严重的

pollutions that cross boundaries 跨越边界的污染 discharge sewage (or effluent) 排放污水

pollutant discharge (or emission) 污染物的排放 poisonous /toxic adj. 有毒的 disposable adj. 一次性的

throw-away products 一次性产品

non-biodegradable garbage = wastes that cannot decompose (or break down) = inorganic trash 不可降解的垃圾

reuse/recycle v. 再利用

sort the daily garbage 生活垃圾分类 deteriorate v. 恶化 deterioration n. 恶化

aggravate v. 加重，加剧，使…恶化 aggravation n. 加重，加剧，恶化

raise (or elevate) the public awareness of… 增强公众关于……的意识

… join forces (or unite/make a concerted effort) to combat (or tackle/resolve/address) environmental problems ……携手解决环境问题 concerted effort 齐心协力

manufactures and companies should shoulder (or take/assume) related responsibilities … 制造商、企业应承担相关的责任……

take reasonable efforts to minimize (or minimise 英式拼写) the damage 采取合理 的措施将损失最小化

Public contracts for roads and buildings should only be awarded to firms that have a good environmental track record. 道路和建筑物建设的公共合同应该只授予有着 良好环境记录的公司。

environmental legislation 环境立法 the department of legislation 立法部门 harsh actions (or measures) 严厉的措施 low-carbon adj. 低碳的 lead a low-carbon lifestyle

leave less carbon footprints 少留下碳足迹 green consuming habits 绿色消费习惯