课后分层集训
Unit 2 Language (A卷)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2017·成都高三二诊)Facebook chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg and Anna Maria Chavez，chief of Girl Scouts of the USA，are leading a campaign to discourage the use of the word “bossy”．Does the term destroy the confidence of young girls?
The campaign claims that terms like “bossy” are improperly applied to females，preventing schoolgirls from seeing themselves as future “leaders”．From its first application，the word has been definitely connected more with women than with men.It first appeared in 1882，according to the Oxford English Dictionary，mentioning “a lady manager who was extremely bossy”．As later as 2008，the word appeared in reference to females four times more often than males，claim the Ban Bossy campaigners.“To men，the reference is always in association with women，”says Helen Trim，director of FreshMinds.“I have three brothers and my family still call me ‘bossy’ today.” Her father is the only other family member who could be considered in that way，says Trim，but nobody would ever call him so.
Some educators recommend that the word should be reclaimed，rather than banned.“But the thing with ‘bossy’ is that there's an infantile (幼稚的) element to it，” says Sara Mills，professor at Sheffield University.“You think of ‘bossy’ as being like a little kid who's claiming more than he has the right to claim.”
It's not just “bossy” under_fire．“Pushy” is another target.The implication is that women shouldn't present themselves as powerful and confident，Mills suggests，which some women are willing to listen to and accept.Trim points out that many modern female business role models are able to be bosses without being labeled “bossy”．And she rarely，if ever，hears the word used within her company.But she says that the damage may be done much earlier in a woman's life.“It does come about from those early teenage years，” she says.“I think it's impossible to ban a word，but if people are replacing it with words like ‘confidence’ or ‘assertiveness’，we would all be in a much better place.”
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了Facebook的首席运营官谢丽尔·桑德伯格和美国女童子军首席执行长安娜·玛利亚·查韦斯二人最新发起的Ban Bossy运动不鼓励使用“专横”这个词描述女性，旨在鼓励培养女性的领导力。
1．More evidence is provided to show “bossy” is more applied to females by ________．
A．the Oxford English Dictionary B．the Ban Bossy campaigners C．Helen Trim at FreshMinds D．some experts in education
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As later as 2008，the word appeared...claim the Ban Bossy campaigners”可知，选B。]
2．Trim's family still consider her bossy because ________． A．she is expected to lead in her family B．she is the boss of her company C．she is a powerful and confident female D．her father considers her that way
C [推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，“bossy”这个词主要用来指女性，并以Helen Trim为例进行说明；结合文章最后一段内容可推知，Trim强大并且自信，所以家人才说她专横。故选C。]
3．The underlined part “under fire” most probably means “________”． A．definitely replaced B．strongly criticized C．improperly applied D．eagerly expected
B [词义猜测题。根据空后的“‘Pushy’ is another target”并结合上文中的Ban Bossy运动不鼓励使用“bossy”这个词描述女性可知，画线词意为“遭受强烈批评”。故选B。]
4．How does the author sound when referring to the campaign against “bossy”？ A．Objective. C．Doubtful.
B．Angry. D．Optimistic.
A [推理判断题。本文只是在叙述Facebook的首席运营官谢丽尔·桑德伯格和美国女童子军首席执行长安娜·玛利亚·查韦斯二人最新发起的Ban Bossy运动，并未陈述作者个人的观点，故作者的态度是“客观的(objective)”。故选A。]
B
(2017·湖北沙市中学高三上学期考试)Suppose you become a leader in an organization.It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities.To do so，it should help to understand why people undertake
volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example，people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to participate.To select volunteers，you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so.To increase levels of community service，some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Unfortunately，these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g.，“I volunteer because it's important to me”) to an external factor ( e．g.，“I volunteer because I'm required to do so”)．When that happens，people become less likely to volunteer in the future.People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer，what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question，researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time.For instance，one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year.One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.Although this result may not surprise you，it leads to important practical advice.The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”．
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role.It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers' expectations，they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.These results，once again，lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering，continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity...Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers
(通用版)2018版高三英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 2 Language(A
