26个英文字母及发音音标如下:
Aa [e?] Bb [bi:] Cc [si:] Dd [di:] Ee [i:] Ff [ef] Gg [d i:] Hh [e?t∫] I i [ɑ?] J j [d e?] K k [ke?] L l [el] Mm [em] N n [en] O o [?u] P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′dΛblju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:]/[zed]
以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如: з
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk 音标: [e?] [e?t∫] [d e?] [ke?] 2) 含元音音素[i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv 音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3) 含元音音素[e] 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz 音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4) 含元音音素[ju:] 字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`dΛblju:] 5) 含元音音素[ɑ?] 字母: Ii 音标: [ɑ?] Yy 音标: [wɑ?] 英语发音规则
一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母的读音
a 在开音节中读[e?] 如：name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [?] 如：bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 [ɑ?] bike drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 [?] fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 [?u] those close go home no 在闭音节中 [D] clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j, l ,r ,s后面时读[u:]音,
例如:June blue ruler super 二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a [?] China another woman breakfast [ ? ] orange comrade village cabbage
e [?] hundred student open weekend [?] chicken pocket begin children i [?]/[?] holiday beautiful family animal [a?] exercise satellite
o [?] second tonight somebody welcome [?u] also zero photo u [?] autumn diffcult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[e?]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j、 l、 r、 s后面时,读[u(:)]音, 例如:July influence February issue 三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
1、a在[w]音后面 [?] want what watch wash quality a在f、n、 sk 、ph 、sp 、ss 、st 、th前时读 [ɑ:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father 2、i在-nd、 -ld和gh前 读[ɑ?] 如: find child light high 3、o在-st、 -ld前读[?u] 如: most postcard old cold
4、o在m、 n 、v 、th前 读[Λ] come monkey love mother 四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 ?з? 1、ar
ar 一般读[ɑ:] car farm dark sharp 在[w]后读[?:] warm quarter towards 2、or
[?:] 如： forty morning short
or在[w]音后面 读 [з:] word worker worse 3、er、 ir、 ur读 [з:] 如： certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成 -r音节,而是按重读闭音节的 拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[?]音,例如:
dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词
are [e?] care dare hare ere [??] here mere
ire [ɑ??] fire hire wire
ore [?:] more score before shore bore ure [ju:?] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[?]音,例
如:picture pleasure
重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音.
例如: parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象. 例如:orange very American paragraph 六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 ai/ay读音[e?]
例 词 afraid rain wait day play air[e?] air hair chair pair repair
al在f,m前读 [?:l] small ball talk wall all [?:l] always also salt almost bald [ɑ:] half calm palm
au/aw[?:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather [e?] break great
ear [??] hear dear near clear year [e?] bear pear wear [з:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [??]] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [e?] eight neighbour they [i:] either key
eu/ew在j、l、r、s后读 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew
ie/ei 在[s]音之后 念[i:] piece field receive oa [?u] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [?:] roar board door floor oi/oy [??] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school [u] book look cook foot good ou/ow [ɑu] flower house count down [?u] know row throw though [Λ] young country enough [u:] group you soup our [?:] course your four [ɑu?] our
hour ours
fluid suicide
tuition
[з:] journey
ui 在j、l 、r、 s后 [ju: ?]
[u:] juice fruit suit
七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群
读 音 例 词
ai/ay 、ei/ey [?] Sunday foreign ow [?u]
yellow sparrow
monkey tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[?]音或 [?].
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [∫n] impression
nation
-sion在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion -tion在s后 [t∫n] question suggestion -sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle castle -sure [З?] pleasure measure -ture [t∫?] picture culture
八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读. 例如:
everyday [e?] handbag [?] blackboard [?:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音. 例如:
sun太阳 + day[e?]日子 > Sunday[?] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[e?]日子 > holiday[?] 假日 break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[?] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[?:] > cupboard[?] 碗柜
九,辅字组的读音
辅音字母组 读 音 例 词
b [b] bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb
c [k] cake picture coat music 在 e前或在i/y前 [s] face decide cinema
ch [t∫] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry
[∫] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day -dge [d ] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink -ds [dz] stands floods goods f [f] five four breakfast g [g] bag gardon go 在e i/y前 [d ] orange large German gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 [g] guess league dialogue [gw] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest
j [d ] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn -mn [m] autumn column
n [n] not shine ten note
在[k]/ [g]音前 [?] uncle thank hungry
-ng [?] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk 元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] music husband sc- [sk] scarlet school
[s] muscle science
sh [∫] she fish shirt wash t在通常情况下 [t] ten letter meet
在弱读字母ia ie io前 [∫] patient nation tch [t∫] watch kitchen
th在通常情况下[θ] thin thirty method
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 [e]the these with than 在词尾-the -ther中 [e] clothe father weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck ts [ts] sports parts
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait [/] answer two
wh- wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why [h] who whose whole x 在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise [gz] examle exist exact wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo
重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号. 开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:
no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home ex-cuse.
闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例
如: bag egg fish not cup
多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读. 例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如: scien `tific im`pression `nation
26个英文字母及发音音标
