简介
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是 一个条
件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英 语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件
虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有 三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时，过去完成时，现在完成时。 在条件句中的应用: 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假 设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气 在什么情况下用虚拟语气 ？ 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟
语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其 所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。 三.虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
真 eg . If he doesn ' t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴 士。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）
非真 eg. If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。 （非真实 条件状语从句） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 （非真实条件状语从句） 2、用法及动词形式
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： +should/would/could/might+do+ 其他
if+主语+过去时+其他+主语
例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实： 我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telepho ne number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电 话号码，我就会告诉你。 （事实：不知道） 3」f there were no air or water, there would be no livi ng thi ngs on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。 （事实：地球上 既有空气也有水） 4」f I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了， 我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如 果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
+should/would/could/might+have done+ 其他
if+主语+had done +其他+主语
例： 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿, 我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
+should/would/could/might+do+ 其他 +should/would/could/might+do+ 其他 +should/would/could/might+do+ 其他
① if+ 主语 +were to do+sth.+ 主语 ② if+ 主语 +did/be(were)+sth.+ 主语
③ if+ 主语 +should+do+sth.+ 主语
例： 1」f he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 女口果他哪
天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy snow n ext Su nday, we would n otgo skat in g. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实： 不知能否下 雪） 3」f she were to be there n ext Mon day, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 在表示建议、命令、 要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气， \+动词原形”构成，should可省 略。
4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，
虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现 在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had in formed us, we would n ot come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话， 我们现在就不会来这 里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反， 而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 女口： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beiji ng. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他 去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会 去问候她了。 ③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的 情况相反。如： If it had not bee n raining too much, the crops would be grow ing much better.如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。 If he had been working hard, he would be worki ng in the office now. 要是他一直努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从 句要用
倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。女口： Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话， 她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 女口果她懂一些电脑知识的 话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
6、 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下 文或其
他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中， 如 without ….,but for ….等 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的 帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 Without your in struct ion, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
teleph one nu mber; otherwise we would have teleph oned him. 则我们就会给他打电话。
We didn ' t know his
我们不知道他的电话号码，否
7、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种
强烈的感情。 ①省略从句 He would have finished it.他本该完成了。
You
could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now.要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好 啊。、
虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）的其他用法 1、虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。 （事实：我根本比不上你） b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望， 谓语动词： had+done（动词过去分词） eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道） c、表示将来难以实现的愿
望 谓语动词： should/would + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a cha nee aga in.
我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了） as if/as though也有相同用法） 2、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中
（注：if only和
1. 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的，若用虚拟语气时， 从句谓语为：should +动词原 形。并且 should 不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.她又把门检查了一遍， 以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早就出发了以防迟到。 2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句 中，从句中的谓语为： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清 楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很 仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。 3、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、一想要 (desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. comma nd)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist) 中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态， 从句的谓语动词者讪：\should +动词原形”或只用\动词原形”。 如He suggested that we (should) take the teacher ' s advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher' s advice He dema nd that we (should) take the teacher' s advice He ordered that we (should) take the
teacher 's advice 注: insist 女口果翻译成坚持某种动作 才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。 女口： He insist he is a student. 他 坚持说他是个学生。 这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。 suggest意为\建议”才用虚拟语气，意为\暗示”则不用虚拟语气。 女口： His face suggests
that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。 这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没 有用到虚拟语气。 ③表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气 .如:necessary. importa nt. impossible. n atural. stra nge. surpris ing. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity 等。 句型：It is.......that结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或 只用动词原型。 ④虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。 详百度百科之方式状语从句词条。 2、 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的 结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。 女口： Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。 Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。
3、 在 whatever， whichever， whenever， whoever, wherever， however, no matter wh-word等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：
①may +动词原形(指现
在或将来)。女口： We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管 发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。 We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be.无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 ②may +完成式(指过去)，主句结构不限。 女口： You mustn ' t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made.不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲 We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。 4、 一般 would rather, had rather, would sooner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实 不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： 表示所发生的时间虚拟 语气结构 过去had +过去分词； 现在过去时(be用were ) 将来过去时(be 用 were )如：I' d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I' d rather you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。 tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿
We' d rather you we nt here
5、 虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语 动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为： It is (high / about) time that + 主语+动词的过 去式/ should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。 女口 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿 了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
6、简单句中的虚拟语气 （1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌， 言语常使用虚拟语气。 其虚拟语气的结构形式常为： would / could / might / should + 原形动 词。如： Would you mind my shutt ing the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？ You should always lear n this less on by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。 I should agree with you.我应该同意你的观点。 （2）表示\祝愿”时，常用\may +主语+动词 原形 + 其他”。如： May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。 May your youth last for ever!祝你青春永驻。 （3）表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原 形。如： Lo ng live the Commu nist Party of Chi na. 中国共产党万岁。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 （4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 （1）提出请求或邀请。如： Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？ Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？ （2）陈述自己的观点或看法。 如： I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。 I would try my best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。
（3）提出劝告或建议。女口：
You ' d better ask your father
first.你最好先问一问你的父亲。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应 该先全面调查一番。 （4）提出问题。如： Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？ Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们 真相吗？ （5）表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情 态动词 + have + 过去分词”。如： You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这 里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。
练习以及解析
1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I ____ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are read ing 2.You are late. If you ____ a few minu tes earlier, you _____ him. A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet
3. _______________________________ The two stude nts talked as if they friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have bee n D. had bee n
4.It is importa nt that I ___ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B.spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5.He looked as if he ____ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has bee n D. had bee n
6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____
have bee n lied there for two hours A. have laid there for two hours B.
C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7.I wish that I ____ with you last ni ght. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone
8. ______________________________________ Let ' s say you could go there again, how feel? A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 9.I can ' t stand him. He always talks as though he ____ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
10. ____ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of
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