(1) be going to表示事先打算，有意图要发生的事。 e. g. I am going to play table tennis with my friends this afternoon. (2) be going to还表示客观情况下（非主观打算）即将要发生的动作。 e. g. The weatherman says it is going to rain tomorrow 5(a) few和(a) little的用法 1. (a) few用在可数名词之前，(a) little用在不可数名词之前。 e. g. He took a few biscuits. (=several)他拿了几块饼干。 He took few biscuits. (= not many)他拿的饼干不多。 He took a little butter. (= some)他拿了点黄油。 He took little butter. (＝not much)他拿的黄油不多。 2. few可由hardly any或almost no所取代，含否定的意味。 e. g. The composition is well written; it has few(=hardly any) mistakes. 这篇作文写得很好，几乎没什么错误。 Few(=Almost no) men can solve it. 几乎没有人能解决它。 3. a few相当于some(several)，含肯定的意味。 e.g. He has a few(=some or several) friends. 他有一些朋友。 4. a little和little之间的区别，就和a few和few的区别一样，只是(a) little需修饰不可数名词，表数量或程度。 e.g. He grows worse; there is little hope of his recovery. 他病情恶化了，恢复的希望很小了。 He is not much better, but there is a little hope. 他病情不是那么好，但是有点希望。 6其他表示数量的词组用法 1. plenty of, a lot of, lots of均表许多，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。 e.g. The room contained plenty of/a lot of/lots of students. 这个教室容纳了许多学生。（复数名词） The room contained plenty of/a lot of/lots of furniture. 这个教室容纳了许多家具。（不可数名词） 2. a great/a good/deal of, a large/a small/quantity of, a large/a small/amount of，均表数量，修饰不可数名词。 e.g. The room contained a great deal of furniture. （不可数名词） The room contained a good deal of furniture. （不可数名词） The room contained a large quantity of furniture. （不可数名词） The room contained a large amount of furniture. （不可数名词） The room contained a small quantity of furniture. （不可数名词） The room contained a small amount of furniture. （不可数名词） 3. a number of表示“许多；一些”；a great/large/good/number of表示“许多”，修饰复数可数名词，并且要与复数动词连用。 e.g. A number of books are missing from the library. 图书馆的许多图书丢失了。 The number of books from the library is large. 图书馆的图书数量很大。 the number of+复数名词+单数(be)动词 The room contained a great/large/good number of students.（复数可数名词）这个教室容纳了许多学生。 U3知识点整理 二、近义词组（句子）整理： 1、buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物 类似的动词还有 make, do, get, draw等 2、（be）careful with… 对…小心; 6
care for 喜爱，关心… Look out.= Be careful.=Watch out! 小心！（用于提醒别人。） take care of = look after 照顾 3、connect… to=link… to=join…to (使)连接 4、at last=finally=in the end 最终 5、change… into=turn… into 把……转化为 6、different kinds of=different forms of=all kinds of=all forms of 各种各样的 7、come from=be from 来自 8、energy=power 能量 powerful=strong 强大的 9、in a way=partly 部分地 10、monthly = every month = once a month 每月的 11、trick sb.=play a trick on sb.=make jokes about sb.=make fun of sb.=laugh at sb.戏弄某人 12、contain=hold 容纳 13、depend on=rely on 依靠 14、service做服务解时，是不可数名词；是服务业时，service必须用复数形式，例如：taxi services 15、Can you tell me what it looks like? =Can you tell me how it looks? 你可以告诉我它是什么样的吗？ What’s the weather like?= How is the weather? 天气怎么样？ What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film? 你认为这场电影怎么样？ 知识点整理： 1、She’ll really look foolish. 一会儿她可要出丑了 Can you tell me what it looks like? 你可以告诉我它看起来像什么吗? 上两句中的look是系动词，意为“看上去”，look后接形容词作表语。 He looks like his father. 他和他的父亲很像 上句中的look like 表示“看上去像”，后接名词。 look like常和what连用表示“看起来怎么样”，How……look可以和前一句做同义句转化 What’s the weather like? = How is the weather? 天气怎么样？ 2、be careful with sth.表示“当心，小心”，后面常跟名词。be careful也可以单独使用，用以提醒他人即将到来的危险。 e.g. Be careful! The knife is very sharp. 当心！那把刀很锋利 3、情态动词：①can，could，be able to 表示能力 ②must =have to，mustn’t, don’t have to=needn’t表示“义务” ③can，could，may表示“许可” ④can，could，would表示“请求” ⑤may, must，can’t表示“猜测” --May I/Can I……？ ①--Yes,……may. ②--No,……may not. ③--No,……can’t. ④--No,……mustn’t. --Must I…? ?--Yes, you must. ?--No, you needn’t. 4、宾语从句： a. 连词有三种 that（可以省略）引导陈述句；if/whether(是否) 引导一般疑问句，在做宾语从句时语序改为陈述句7
语序即主谓语序；特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句，在做宾语从句时语序改为陈述句语序即主谓语序 b. 时态要求：当宾语从句的主句是现在的时态时，从句根据实际情况该是什么时态就是什么时态；当主句是过去时态时，从句要改成相应的过去时态（自然现象用一般现在时） 特殊语句(原就是主谓语序)： ① 原句：Can you tell me what’s the matter with Tom? 改为I want to know what’s the matter with Tom. ② 原句：Which is the way to the cinema? 改为Please show me which is the way to the cinema. ③ 原句：The Earth turns around the Sun 改为The teacher told us that the Earth turns around the Sun.（自然现象用一般现在时） that引导陈述句的宾语从句,主句中常见的谓语动词有：say, know, hear, see, hope, think ,believe, write, tell等，系动词加形容词afraid, worried, sure等后，也可用that引导的宾语从句。 若宾语从句部分为特殊疑问句，则宾语从句的引导词为该特殊疑问词。 U4知识点复习： 1．1）donate donation donate…to sb./组织 = give sth. to sth. 2） raise sth. for… Many people ________ money to Project Hope Ricky is helping ________ money for Spring Bud Project. 2．1) show-showed-shown show sb sth =show sth to sb sb. be shown sth. sth. be shown to sb. I showed her an E-mail . =she_________(show) an E-mail . =An E-mail ___________________her。 2) show sb. around sp =take sb. to visit sp. 3) be on show =be shown show ,pass, give sb.sth. =show, pass .give sth. to sb. buy, get, sing sb. sth. =buy, get, sing sth. for sb. ① Lin Tao passes Jim a ball. （变被动语态） / ②.Her mother buys her a book every week. （变被动语态） / ③.He showed them a photo. （变被动语态） / 3．sell sold sold 1) sell sth. to sb. =sell sb. sth. Sb. be sold sth. sth. be sold to sb. 2) sb. sell out sth.= sth. be sold out 3) sth. sell well -------_____these CD-ROMs___________(卖完) yet? -------Yes, they ______well now. 4）sell sth.for +money 4. wish的用法： 8
（1）名词 a. best wishes for/to sb. b. a card with best wishes c make wishes （2）动词a. wish sb. to do sth. b. wish to do sth. c. wish sb.+名词 /形容词 (表祝福） d. wish+从句（虚拟语气） 注意：wish后接宾语从句。表达难以实现或不可实现的愿望，wish后从句使用虚拟语气 ① I wish/hope （be）a host of CCTV in the future. ② His parents （希望）him to organize the show. ③ 用wish, hope 填空 1)I ______ you a nice weekend. 2)I’m sorry I can’t finish the work. I ______ you can help me with it. 3)I _______ we could live under the sea with my family. 4)I ______ you good luck in your final examination. 5)I _______ you can pay attention to your English study. 5． write to sb 写信给---- hear from sb 收到某人的来信= get / receive/have a letter from sb I heard from Lily three days ago. = I ____ _____ a letter for three days. 6. choose—chose--chosen choose sb to do sth =sb be chosen to do sth Tom _________________(choose) to be the monitor. 7. seem ① seem + 形容词 ② seem + to do sth ③ It seems that + 从句 (1)Everything seemed to happen so fast. = ___ _________that everything ____________ so fast. （2）The girl seems very happy. The girl seems ________very happy. = ____ _____that the girl ___very happy. 8. noise noisy noisily The boys were making lots of _________. They talked _________.So it was very _________ in the classroom. make a/a lot of noise 噪音 speak in a low voice 嗓音 hear the sound(声音) of the boys playing 9. make sure+ that clause __________(确保）that your classroom is tidy and clean every day. be sure of sb./sth. Are you sure of the news/ the host? be sure to do sth. Be sure_______________( not forget) it. be sure +that clause She is sure that she can be a good organizer. =She is sure ____ _____ a good organizer 10. It was my job to introduce each star to the audience. =My job was ___ _______each star to the audience. It’s our duty to help others. = Our duty is ___ ______ others. 9
11. take charge of负责 You take charge of making the salad.=You're in charge of making the salad. take charge of负责，看管 == be in charge of负责 12. talk…over详细讨论；详谈 e.g. We should talk it over among ourselves. 我们应该详细讨论一下。 13. make a decision作出决定 e.g. We talked and talked but couldn’t make a decision. 我们谈来谈去可是没办法决定。 【知识拓展】 arrive at/come to / reach a decision作出决定 e.g. Have they come to a decision yet?他们是否已有所决定？ 14. in one week's time在一周内 e. g. We will be back to school in one week's time. 在一周内我们将回到学校。 相当于in a week。由于这个时间状语用在一般将来时态中，所以这里的in表示“在……后”，而不是“在……里”。 Unit 5 知识点梳理： 1. book v. 预定 常用搭配： book in预定旅馆房间，办理登记手续 e. g. The latest representatives booked in at 3 o’clock. 最后一批代表已经在三点钟报到了。 2. welcome adj. 受到欢迎的 e.g. You are always welcome in my home. 你在我家总是受欢迎的。 拓展： welcome v. 欢迎 e.g. Welcome to China. 欢迎来中国！ welcome n. 欢迎 e.g. They gave us a warm welcome. 他们给我们以热烈的欢迎。 3. allow v. 允许，承认 allow sb. to do sth 被动：sb. be allowed to do sth. 同意转换：mustn’t = be not allowed to do sth 4. against prep. 相反，反对 e.g. No one is agarnst this proposal.没有人反对这个提议。 That's agarnst the law，那是违法的。 指点迷津：against 与for 两者都可表示方向，下图指明了两者的区别： for against ●→ ←○ ←● ○→ 向着 逆着 e.g. The Prince is making for the open sea while the princess is against. 王子号向着大海驶去，而公主号恰好驶回。 5. sound like听起来像 sound v. 听起来（这是个连系动词，后接形容词） e.g. sound good souncl beautiful 【知识拓展】 类似的连系动词还有： feel 摸起来，感觉起来 taste听起来 10
上海暑期英语八升九新初三新九年级讲义牛津版8B期末易错题总汇阅读细节题作文叙事(十五)
