拓展:表示“第几次做某事”的句型还有:
It (This/That) is the first/second. . . time+(that) 从句(用现在完成时) It is the second time that I have seen the film. 这是我第二次看这部电影了。
注意:这一句型中的time,可换成day,month,year等时间名词。 It's the first month that I haven't been to the concert this year. 这是我今年第一个没有去听音乐会的月份。
Without love you would not be happy or want to play.
解析:此句为暗含虚拟句,表示与现在某种情形相反。without love 表示虚拟条件,相当于if there were no love。 翻译:没有爱,你不会快乐,也不想玩耍。
拓展:\...\表示虚拟条件,意思是“若没有,假如没有”,句子的时态跟 if 虚拟条件句的主句时态一致,即:
1. 对过去虚拟,用 would/could/might/should+ have done 2. 对现在/将来虚拟,用 would/could/might/should+动词原形 Without your help, I couldn't have done it. 没有你的帮助,我是不会做成的。
Without air, all living things would die. 若非空气,所有的生物都会死亡。
注意:暗含虚拟条件句中, \与\用法相同。 But for your help, I would not have solved the problem. 没有你的帮助,我就解决不了那个问题。
三、重点语法 过去完成时
1. 概念
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。 2. 构成:had+过去分词 3. 用法
(1)发生在过去以前的动作,已结束,对过去造成影响。它不能离开过去时间而独立存在,多与 already, yet,
just, before, never 等时间副词及 by, before, when 等引导的短语或从句连用。如:
When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun. 当我们到达电影院时,电影已经开始了。
(2)发生在过去以前的动作或状态,一直延续到过去的这一时间,而且还可能继续下去,常和 for, since 构成的短语
或引导的从句连用。
By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years. 到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了。
(3)用在 \句型中,that从句要用过去完成时。 This was the first time that they had met in thirty years. 这是三十年里他们第一次见面。
(4)动词 hope, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等用过去完成时表示本来打算做而没有做的事,含有某种惋 惜。
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 我们本来希望你能力,但是你没有。
(5)在“hardly, scarcely, barely … when, no sooner… than”句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang. 他刚睡下铃就响了。
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别:
现在完成时 过去完成时 时间 作用意义 以现在为基点(到目前为对现在的影响或结果; 止) 持续到现在 以过去为基点(过去的过去) 对过去的影响或结果; 持续到过去某一时间 I have cleaned the classroom.(对现在的影响:地面现在干净了) We have lived here for ten years.(“住”从过去持续到现在) Mr. Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China. ( “住纽约”发生在“来中国”之前) 过去完成时与一般过去时
1. 时间状语不同:
过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时强调过去某一具体时间。例如: I had seen 10 English films by the end of last month. 截止到上个月底,我看了十部英文电影。(上月底之前看的) I saw 10 English films last month. 上个月我看了十部英文电影。 2. 动作先后不同:
没有明确时间状语时,先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。例如: Her parents were pleased that she had won the first in the competition. 3. 一般过去时代替过去完成时:
两个及以上连续发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时;在 before,after , as soon as, not…until等引导的从句中。
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I gave him the money as soon as I saw her.
“have/get sth.+宾补”用法
have, get 表示“使,让”时,可跟三种形式作宾语补足语,本单元学习第一种: 1. have sth. done= get sth. done 使/让某事被别人做 I’ll have/get my new flat decorated next week. 下周我会请人装修我的新公寓。 拓展:
2. have sb./ sth. doing sth. 使某人/某物持续地做某事 get sb./sth. doing sth. 使某人/某物开始做某事
I woke up in the night and found we had water dripping through the ceiling. 我夜里醒来,发现天花板一直在滴水。 I shall soon get the machine working. 我很快就会让机器运转起来的。 3. have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使/让某人做某事 I had John find a house for me.
我让约翰给我找了一所房子。 I can't get him to agree with me. 我无法使他赞同我。
高中英语必修6(北师大版)Unit16Stories知识点总结
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