Introduction很多文献已经讨论过了
A. Solar energy conversion by photoelectrochemical cells has been intensively investigated. (Nature 1991, 353, 737 - 740 )
B. This was demonstrated in a number of studies that showed that composite plasmonic-metal/semiconductor photocatalysts achieved significantly higher rates in various photocatalytic reactions compared with their pure semiconductor counterparts.
C. Several excellent reviews describing these applications are available, and we do not discuss these topics
D. Much work so far has focused on wide band gap semiconductors for water splitting for the sake of chemical stability.（DOI:10.1038/NMAT3151）
E. Recent developments of Lewis acids and water-soluble organometallic catalysts have attracted much attention.（Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666） F. An interesting approach in the use of zeolite as a water-tolerant solid acid was described by Ogawa et al（Chem.Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666）
G. Considerable research efforts have been devoted to the direct transition metal-catalyzed conversion of aryl halides toaryl nitriles. (J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 7984-7989)
H. There are many excellent reviews in the literature dealing with the basic concepts of the photocatalytic processand the reader is referred in particular to those by Hoffmann and coworkers,Mills and coworkers, and Kamat.(Metal oxide catalysis,19,P755)
I. Nishimiya and Tsutsumi have reported on（proposed）the influence of the Si/Al ratio of various zeolites on the acid strength, which were estimated by calorimetry using ammonia. (Chem.Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666)
二、在results and discussion中经常会用到的：如图所示
A. GIXRD patterns in Figure 1A show the bulk structural information on as-deposited films.
B. As shown in Figure 7B, the steady-state current density decreases after cycling between 0.35 and 0.7 V, which is probably due to the dissolution of FeOx.
C. As can be seen from parts a and b of Figure 7, the reaction cycles start with the thermodynamically most favorable VOx structures（J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 24950?24958）
这与XX能够相互印证：
A. This is supported by the appearance in the Ni-doped compounds of an ultraviolet–visible absorption band at 420–520nm (see Fig. 3 inset), corresponding to an energy range of about 2.9 to 2.3 eV.
B. This is consistent with the observation from SEM–EDS. (Z.Zou et al. / Chemical Physics Letters 332 (2000) 271–277)
C. This indicates a good agreement between the observed and calculated intensities in monoclinic with space groupP2/c when the O atoms are included in the model. D. The results are in good consistent with the observed photocatalytic activity... E. Identical conclusions were obtained in studies where the SPR intensity and wavelength were modulated by manipulating the composition, shape,or size of plasmonic nanostructures. F. It
was
also
found
that
areas
of
persistent
divergent
surface
flow coincide with regions where convection appears to be consistently suppressed even when SSTs are above 27.5°C.
1. 值得注意的是...
A. It must also be mentioned that the recycling of aqueous organic solvent is less desirable than that of pure organic liquid.
B. Another interesting finding is that zeolites with 10-membered ring pores showed high selectivities (>99%) to cyclohexanol, whereas those with 12-membered ring pores, such as mordenite, produced large amounts of dicyclohexyl ether. (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 3641?3666)
C. It should be pointed out that the nanometer-scale distribution of electrocatalyst centers on the electrode surface is also a predominant factor for high ORR electrocatalytic activity.
D. Notably, the Ru II and Rh I complexes possessing the same BINAP chirality form antipodal amino acids as the predominant products. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2002, 41: 2008–2024)
E. Given the multitude of various transformations published, it is noteworthy that only very few distinct activation methods have been identified. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38, 2178-2189)
F. It is important to highlight that these two directing effects will lead to different enantiomers of the products even if both the “H-bond-catalyst” and the catalyst acting by steric shielding have the same absolute stereochemistry. (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, 38, 2178-2189)
G. It is worthwhile mentioning that these PPNDs can be very stable for several months without the observations of any floating or precipitated dots, which is attributed to the electrostatic repulsions between the positively charge PPNDs resulting in electrosteric stabilization.(Adv. Mater., 2012, 24: 2037–2041)
2. ...仍然是个挑战
A. There is thereby an urgent need but it is still a significant challenge to rationally design and delicately tail or the electroactive MTMOs for advanced LIBs, ECs, MOBs, and FCs. （Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2 014, 53, 1488 – 1504）
B. However, systems that are sufficiently stable and efficient for practical use have not yet been realized.
C. It remains challenging to develop highly active HER catalysts based on materials that are more abundant at lower costs. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 7296–7299) D. One of the great challenges in the twenty-first century is unquestionably energy storage. (Nature Materials 2005, 4, 366 - 377 )
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