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Section_Ⅳ
Grammar_&_Writing
主谓一致
英语句子的主语和谓语要一致。下面是常见的几种形式：
1．由连词and 或both ... and ...连接的两个主语，其谓语动词一般用复数。 Both Tom and his brother have passed the exam. 汤姆和他弟弟都通过了考试。
[点津] 但是当and连接的两个词或词组表达的是同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。如果这两个词都是名词，则第二个名词前不用冠词。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room. 那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。
2．两个并列的名词前有each, every, no, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每个学生和老师都发了一张票。
Every man and every woman is at work. 所有男人和女人都在工作。
Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall. 许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。
3．集合名词family, class, crowd, team, government, company, group等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数。
Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school. 在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体) His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad. 他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体)
4．当people, police, cattle等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。 The police are searching for the lost child. 警察正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。
5．主语后有with, together with, like, but, as well as, except, including, rather
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than, besides等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。 [考题印证]1
①(江苏高考改编) Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others is (be) essential to their development.
②(福建高考改编)The famous musician, as well as his students, was (be) invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
6．在正式的文体中，由not only ... but also ..., neither ... nor, either ... or, or等连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词同与其靠近的主语保持一致。there be句型也是如此。
Not only the students but also the teacher hasn't come. 学生和老师都没来。
Neither the children nor the mother likes this kind of music. 孩子们和妈妈都不喜欢这种音乐。 Either you or I am to blame. 你或我该受责备。
There is a book and two pens on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。
7．当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名词来决定。 About three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water. 地球表面大约3/4是水。
About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls. 我们学校大约50%的学生是女生。 [考题印证]2
(安徽高考改编)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which were (be) saved for other purposes.
8．不定代词all(指物时)，anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody，something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开会吧。 [考题印证]3
(湖南高考改编)All we need is (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
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9．代词none和neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数，主要由说话人的意思来决定。但代表不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数。
None of them knows/know the answers. 他们中没有人知道答案。
None of the information about him has been received. 关于他的消息一点儿也没收到。
10．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，如果被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Two miles is too far for the child. 两英里路程对这个小孩来说太远了。 [考题印证]4
(湖南高考改编)The university estimates that living expenses for international students are (be)around $8,450 a year, which is (be) a burden for some of them.
11．不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
How to solve the problem is to be discussed at the meeting. 如何解决这个问题要在会上讨论。
Whether he will help us with it doesn't matter too much. 他是否帮我们关系不大。
12．由“kind (form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。
This new type of buses is now on show. (Buses of this new kind are now on show.) 现在正展出一种新型的公共汽车。
All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。
A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 讲师之间一系列的辩论安排在下周末举行。
13．a number of (许多)，a variety of (各种各样的)和a group of (一群，一组)修饰名词作主语时，谓语要求用复数形式。但是the number of (……的数目)和the variety of (……的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。试比较：
A number of students are from the south. 不少学生来自南方。
There are a variety of toys on sale in that shop. 那个商店出售各种各样的玩具。
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The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising. 那个商店出售的货物品种多得惊人。
14．a quantity of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a quantity of 后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词时，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。
Great quantities of fish are caught in the deep sea. 在深海处抓了很多鱼。
There is a large quantity of milk. 有大量的牛奶。
15．“many a ＋单数名词”和“more than one ＋单数名词”作主语时，虽表示复数意义，但要遵循语法一致的原则， 谓语动词用单数。
Many a child was playing in the shade of the tree. 许多孩子在树荫下玩耍。
More than one student has passed the examination. 许多学生通过了考试。 [考题印证]5
(陕西高考改编)It is reported that many a new house is_being_built (build) at present in the disaster area.
16．表示单一概念的不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在阳光下读书对眼睛有害。 [考题印证]6
(湖南高考改编)Listening to loud music at rock concerts has (have) caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Alice, together with her friends, was (be) punished for having broken the school rules.
2．Every girl and every boy has (have) the right to join the club. 3．The football team is (be) made up of 22 players.
4．This kind of apples tastes(taste) good. Apples of this kind taste (taste) good.
5．My family is (be) the largest one in our village. Besides, my family are (be) all Party members.
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6．The whole class are (be) now listening to the teacher attentively. 7．Either he or you are (be) interested in playing football in our class. 8．Most of his time was_spent (spend) on computer games in the past. 9．To learn one or two foreign languages is (be) very important nowadays. 10．The rich are (be) for the plan, while the poor are against it. Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Each computer and each operator have been moved to the air-conditioned house.have→has
2．A woman with two children have gone to the Great Wall.have→has 3．This is one of the best novels that has appeared this year.has→have 4．The police has caught the murderer.police→policeman或has_→have 5．Mathematics are the base of all other sciences.are→is
6．The United Nations are made up of more than 160 countries.are→is 7．Two thirds of the students in our class has been to Beijing.has→have 8．To get up early are a good habit for old men.are→is
描写人物
《英语双语报》有一个栏目名为“Star Student”，请你根据下表信息，以“Yang Hongde — a Star Student”为题为该栏目写一篇短文，介绍你校品学兼优的毕业生杨弘德同学。
姓名 考入学校 家庭状况 本人情况 你的评价 杨弘德 香港中文大学 父亲死于车祸，母亲重病卧床 持家、照顾母亲、学习刻苦、成绩突出、乐于助人 …… 年龄 奖学金 19 50万港元 1.文章须包括表中信息，可以适当增加细节，以使文章连贯。 2．参考词汇：奖学金scholarship；挑起……的重担take the burden of ... 3．词数：100左右。
Yang Hongde — a Star Student
In that year's College Entrance Examination of Shandong, Yang Hongde, a senior 3 student from our school, got high marks and was admitted to Hong Kong Chinese University, with a scholarship of HK $500,000.
①But a few years ago ② when Yang, ③aged 16, just began his senior 1 school
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人教版高中英语必修4教师用书：Unit 1 Section_Ⅳ Grammar_-_Writing (含答案)
