place to place, generally in the area of 15% of your bill (before taxes), but again you should ask local residents whom to tip and how much.
There is another kind of tipping as well. You are generally expected to give something (either cash or a bottle of whisky) to the mailman and to your building \
time. You should discuss this also with neighbors and colleagues. 1. The main idea of this passage is ______________. A. shopping and tipping B. sales and shopping C. sales taxes and tipping D. sales taxes and people
2. According to the passage, if you buy a pair of $ 50 shoes in the New York City, you pay
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extra ____________as sales tax. A. $4.5 B. $4 C. $5 D. $5.5
3. Usually, cab drivers _________________.
A. get high wages from the employer B. get great benefits from the employer
C. get low wages from the employer D. get high bonus from the employer
4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. The Chinese people have to pay tips in western countries. B. The westerners don't have to pay high tips in their own country.
C. Barbers, hotel bellboys and all sorts of other people can earn a living if they are not tipped.
D. Tipping varies from place to place, generally in the area of 20% of your bill.
5. Usually, taxable items and the amount of tax _________________. A. have no difference from place to place in the U. S. B. are over 15% in the U. S.
C. have been put an end in the U. S. D. vary from place to place in the U. S.
答案:1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D
In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (饮料) containers.
Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials
for new products, but be- cause few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it would be buried in landfills(垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York.
Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second hand plastic. Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them in- to fence posts, paint brushes, etc.
As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard re- mains a discard until somebody figures
out how to give it a second life--and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without ad- equate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.
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Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing
local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York,
amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.
46. What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?
A. Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.
B. Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling. C. A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.
D. Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.
47. The returned plastic bottles in New York used to_______________. A. end up somewhere underground B. be turned into raw materials C. have a second life value D. be separated from other rubbish 48. The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is______________.
A. to sell them at a profitable price B. how to turn them into useful things
C. how to reduce their recycling costs D. to lower the prices for used materials
49. Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because______________.
A. local governments find it easy to manage B. recycling has great appeal for the jobless
C. recycling causes little pollution D. other methods are more expensive
50. It can be concluded from the passage that__________________. A. rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materials B. local governments in the U.S. can expect big profits from recycling
C. recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentally
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D. landfills will still be widely used for waste disposal 答案 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C
Crime in the cities has had more publicity(宣扬)than crime in the suburbs, but in recent
years many of the suburbs have found their crime rates increasing faster than those of the cities.
One crime prevention aid is the Neighborhood Watch Program started five years ago and is sponsored by the National Sheriffs' Association. The aim is to get people to watch out for their neighbors. They are asked to be alert for any unusual activity, such as strangers who may be bringing since out of a house to an unfamiliar waiting vehicle. Vandalism(破
坏行为)is also a target of the program. Children are matchless likely to run around with spray cans if they know that neighbors are alert and that they will probably be caught.
The programmer should fit the specific neighborhood and be done with the knowledge and cooperation of the sheriff's office and the police department. So far, 2 300 programs have been set up with at least one in every state in the union. In some cases, neighborhood block
clubs have been established to give is instructions. A National Neighborhood Watch Program has been set up, including one and one-half to seven million citizens at a federal government cost of 5 cents to 22 cents per person. The national office supplies Sheriffs and local
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