water if it melts. Although there is no life on the Mars now, some scientists think that there may have been some form of life long time ago. At that time, the planet had active volcanoes; the atmosphere was thicker and warmer; and there was water. In fact, in some ways the Mars may have been similar to the Earth, where life exists.
Some people believe that the Mars could support life in the future if the right conditions were produced. The first step would be to warm the planet using certain gases which trap the Sun's heat in the planet's atmosphere. With warmth, water and carbon dioxide(二氧化
碳), simple plants could begin to grow. These plants could slowly make the Mars more suitable for living. It is estimated that the whole process might take between 100,000 and 200,000 years. In the meantime, people could begin to live on the planet in special closed
environments. They would provide a lot of useful information about conditions on the Mars
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and the problems connected with living there.
1. Some scientists think there may have been life on the Mars in the past because _______________.
A. there is no life there now B. there is a large amount of water at the poles
C. the Mars may be able to support life in the future D. conditions may have been similar to those on the Earth
2. There could be life on the Mars in the future if________________.
A. it supported life in the past B. certain gases are used to cool the planet
C. the atmosphere can be heated enough to grow simple plants D. the planet's volcanoes become as active as they were in the past 3. People may be able to live on the Mars _________________. A. within the next 200,000 years B. only 200,000 years from now C. only 150,000 years from now D. as soon as the planet becomes cool enough
4. The author's attitude towards the possibility of life on the Mars in the future is
____________.
A. doubtful B. positive C. negative D. uninterested 5. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. The Possibility of Life on the Mars B. Future Conditions on the Mars
C. The Mars and the Earth D. A Study of the Climate of the Mars 答案: 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 4. A
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical,
emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example,
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learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw(缺陷) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport
participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.
Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can
lead to burnout
1. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is___________________.
A. to reduce their mental stress B. to increase their sense of success
C. to make sports less competitive D. to make sports more challenging
2. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that___________________.
A. it can help them learn mom about society B. it enables them to find flaws in themselves
C. it can provide them with valuable experiences
D. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves 3. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes________________.
A. believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
B. without realizing criticism may destroy their self-confidence C. in order to make them remember life's lessons D. so as to put more pressure on them 4. According the passage parents and coaches should__________________.
A. pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports 5
B. help children to win every game C. train children to cope with stress
D. enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
5. The author's purpose in writing the passage is __________________. A. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B. to persuade young children not to worry about criticism C. to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children D. to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement 答案: 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C
Most cities and/or states in the U. S. collect a sales tax on almost everything you buy. You must ask when you move into a new community how much the local sales tax is, and what items are and are not taxable. Both taxable items and the amount of tax vary considerably
from place, from one of two percent in some places up to eight or ten in others. The New York City sales tax, for examples, is currently 8%, so if you buy a pair of $ 40 shoes you will actually have to pay $ 43.20. This makes paying and getting correct change much more difficult (not to mention making everything more expensive). We say in America that only two things in life are unavoidable: one is death and the other taxes.
Another thing that makes money exchanges more complicated is tipping. The Chinese people have happily put an end to tipping, but Westerners are still plagued with this indignity. Waiters and waitresses, cab drivers, hotel bellboys, barbers and hairdressers and all sorts of other people must be tipped. Their employers give them low wages because it is expected that you, the customer, will make up the difference. If you don't, the service person can't earn a living. Tipping also varies from
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