教师资格证考试—面试—高中英语—教案设计思路+方案+逐字稿
语法课高中常用知识总结+教学设计思路+方案+逐字稿
【注意】高中常用语法知识总结:
1. 直接引语(Direct speech)和间接引语(Indirect speech):引述别人的话有两种方式,直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语,用自己的话来转述别人的话叫做间接引语;
例:Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.”(直接引语)→ Mr. Black said that he was busy. (间接引语) 直接引语变为间接引语时,需从以下几个方面转换: (1)人称(Person):一主二宾三不变;
①一主:若直接引语中为第一人称,变为间接引语时,要将它变为与主句主语相一致的人称; 例:He said, “I like it very much.”→ He said that he liked it very much.
②二宾:若直接引语中为第二人称,变为间接引语时,要将它变为与主句宾语相一致的人称; 例:He said (to me), “you’re so good at it.”→ He said (to me) that I was so good at it. ③三不变:若直接引语中为第三人称,变为间接引语时,人称不变; 例:The teacher asked, “has he read enough this week?” → The teacher asked if he had read enough that week. (2)时态(Tense)
(3)引导词(Introducer):
①若直接引语为陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导,that可省略;
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教师资格证考试—面试—高中英语—教案设计思路+方案+逐字稿
例:He said, “I’m busy.”→ He said (that) he was busy.
②若直接引语为一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,要把疑问句语序变为陈述语序,且用连词if/whether引导;另外,若主句的谓语动词是say,一般变为间接引语时,主句中的谓语要相应地变为ask,若主句中没有间接宾语,变为间接引语时,主句中可以根据实际情况加上间接宾语; 如:“Do you think a dairy can become your friend?” the writer says. → The writer asks us if we think a dairy can become our friend.
③若直接引语引语为特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,要把疑问语序变为陈述语序,且仍用原来的引导词;另外,若主句的谓语动词是say,一般变为间接引语时,主句中的谓语要相应地变为ask,若主句中没有间接宾语,变为间接引语时,主句中可以根据实际情况加上间接宾语; 如:“When do you go to bed last night?” he said to Anne. → He asked Anne when she went to bed the night before.
④若直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,且要将主句的谓语动词根据实际情况变为ask、tell、order等动词;若祈使句为否定句,变为间接引语时,要在动词不定式前面加not;
如:Father said to him, “go away!” → Father ordered him to go away. He said, “don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise. (4)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等的变化:
注意:若是在当地转述,here不必变为there;
若是在当天转述,yesterday, tomorrow, today等时间状语不必改变;
2. 主动语态(Active voice)和被动语态(Passive voice):动词有两种语态,若主语是动作的执行者,叫主动语态,若主语是动作的承受者,叫被动语态;
(1)被动语态的基本结构:主语+助动词be+动词的过去分词+(by …),其中be有时态、人称和数的变化;
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