（2）may 和 might 用于表示“应该\多用于法律等条文，一般上多用 shall): ①. Payment may be paid by check.(表示规定) 应以支票付款。 ②. You might ask before you use my computer. (might表示应该) 你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。 （3）must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”：
①. You must keep the place clean. (务必) 你务必保持地方干净。 ②. We must obey orders. (表示有义务) 我们必须服从命令。
③. Must I pay now? (用于疑问句) (如回答不必时，需用 needn't 或 don't have to) 我现在就得付款吗？
5、情态动词表示“意图”、“打算” (will, would, shall, should)
（1）will 和 would 用于表示某种意图：
①. I'll call you as soon as possible. (will 主要用于第一人称) 我会尽快打电话给你。 ②. Will you accept this invitation? (用would 则表示更客气) 你愿意接受这邀请吗？ ③. Who will do the job? (用于条件句，可用于各种人称) 谁愿意做这事？
④. We won't (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿) 我们不愿呆在这里太久。 （2）shall 和 should 用于表示说话人的意图：
①. We shan't (shall not) go if it rains. (shall not 也可用 will not) 如果下雨，我们就不打算走了。
②. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第一人称) 我不打算和你一同走。 6、情态动词表示“意愿” （will, would, shall, should） （1）will 和 would ：
①. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语的意愿) 如果你问她，她会做的。
②. Would you have another cup of tea? (用 would 比 will 客气) 你想再来一杯茶吗？ ③. Will you have some cookies? (will用于疑问句，表示问人是否愿意)你想吃些烤饼吗？ ④. If he will, he can do it. (will 用于条件句，用于第二、三人称) 如果他愿意，他会做的。 ⑤. Would you excuse me? (would 表示婉转语气) 你能原谅我吗？ （2）shall 和 should ：
①. He shall get his allowance. (注意是he shall, 表示说话人的意愿)他会拿到他的津贴的。 ②. You should sit here as long as you like. 只要你乐意，坐多久能行。 ③. Shall you go to school with me? (疑问句中，表示问对方的意愿) 你愿意和我一起到学校去吗？ 三. 重点词汇
1．cut v．切；剪；割 cut (one’s)hair 理发
Be careful．Don't cut yourself．小心，别切到自己。
2．alien n．外星人
Nobody knows whether there are aliens or not．没人知道到底有没有外星人。 An alien got out of the UFO. 一个外星人从不明飞行物里出来。
3．land v．登岸；登陆；降落
The plane will land in ten minutes．飞机将在十分钟后降落。
A UFO landed in the middle of the field.. 一个不明飞行物降落在田野中间。
4．while conj．当……的时候；在……之时 While I danced, she sang．我跳舞，她唱歌。
While he was singing, I was playing baseball. 他当时在唱歌，而我在打棒球。
5．right adv．正好；恰好
The accident happened right over there．事故正好发生在那里。 He lives right in the center of the city. 他恰好住在市中心。
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6．surprised adj．惊奇的；吃惊的
I was surprised that he was late for the party．我很惊讶他聚会居然迟到了。 She was surprised that I didn’t know about that. 她很吃惊我竟不知那件事。
7．kid v．欺骗；哄骗
I'm not kidding you．我没有骗你。
You’re kidding = No kidding. 别开玩笑了。
8．anywhere adv．到处；无论哪里（用于否定句和一般疑问句中） Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去没去过什么地方?
They didn’t go anywhere the day before yesterday. 他们前日天哪里也没去
9．happen v．发生
A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday． 昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。 What happened to him on that day? 那天他怎么了？（发生了什么事？） sth. happen to +名词 发生于……身上
She hoped nothing bad would happen to him．她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。
10．get out of 从……出去
She tried to get out of helping her mother．她尽量逃避帮助她的妈妈。
Tom got out of the lift and walked to the station. 汤姆走出电梯然后往车站走去。
11．run away 跑开；迅速离开；逃走
The thief ran away when someone noticed him．当有人注意到他的时候，那个贼立刻逃走了。
12．at the doctor's 在诊所；在医院
I'm thinking of going to the tailor's．在表示诊所、店铺或某人的家时，经常用名词所有格的形式。 Mr. Cool’s = Mr. Cool’s clothes store at Jason’s = at Jason’s store She is staying at Mary's．她住在玛莉家。
I want to go to the tailor’s. 我想到裁缝店去一趟。
13. see sb. Do sth. 看见某人做(过)某事 she saw the alien get out. 她看见外星人出来.
四．词语辨析
1、in front of 与in(at) the front of
in the front of 在……的前面 （表示“有距离的前面”，在一个参照物的前面） e.g.: There is a car in front of the house. 房子前日面有一辆车
in(at) the front of 在……的前头，前排（列）（在一个范围内的前面部位） eg. She sat in the front of the bus. 她坐在公交车的前排
2、get out of 与get into 是反义词 get into走进，进入
eg. He get out of the car and get into the building.
3、be amazing与be amazed
be amazing 令人惊奇的（修饰事物的，指某事令人惊奇，比surprising更具意外性 e.g.:She has an amazing talent for music.她在音乐方面有惊人的才华。 Isn’t that amazing .那不很令人意外吗？
be amazed (at sth./to do …/that 从句)（某人）对…(因…而)大感惊讶(指人作主语) eg. We were amazed at the news.=We were amazed to hear the news. 我们对这个消息感到非常惊讶.
4、be surprising与 be surprised
be surprising令人惊奇的（用法与be amazing一样，也是修饰事物的）
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e.g.:a surprising ending 一个令人惊奇的结局
be surprised (at sth./to do…/that从句) （某人）对…(因…而)感到惊奇，用法与be surprised 一样，也是人作主语。
eg. They were surprising that he was badly hurt in the audient. 他们很吃惊他在那次事故中伤得很重。
5、in a tree与 on a tree
eg. Are there any birds in the tree? 树上有些鸟吗？
on a tree 在树上（指长在树上的东西） Look! There are many apples on the tree.
6、my flight to New York 与 fly to New York 前者是一个名词短语，后者是一个动词短语。 eg. Her flight to Paris is taking off at 2 p.m. She is flying to Paris at 2 p.m.
五.课文解释：
1. You can imagine how strange it was!你可以想象这事有多惊奇！ eg. You can imagine how fast he runs!
2. I followed it to see where it was going follow sb. to do sth. 跟随…去做…
eg. Mr White followed his wife to see what was happening there.
3. She didn’t think about looking outside the station. Think about (doing) sth. 她未想到去车站外看看.
4. say to sb. 对某人 say to oneself 自言自语
e.g.: He said to himself, “Don’t be afraid.” 他自言自语,“不要害怕”
5. look for 寻找（强调找的“过程”） find 找到（强调找的“结果”） eg. He looked for his lost key everywhere but couldn’t find it.
6. It was difficult to get out of bed. 从床爬起来很难。 It is difficult/hard to do sth. 做某事很难。
He found that it was difficult to learn physics well.
7. be killed 被杀害 be destroyed by… 被……摧毁……
8. walk home together in silence 沉默着一起走回家 in silence 状语（状态）
9. Not all events in history are as terrible as this. 并不是所有的历史上的大事件都像此事这样可怕。 Not all 并不是所有的（部分否定）
As…as… 与……一样(as与as之间用形容词、副词的原级)
10. become the first Chinese astronaut in space. 成为中国首位进入太空的宇航员
11. His flight around the Earth Lasted about 22 hours. 他的环绕地球的飞行持续了22个小时。
12. Do you think sth. good can come out of sth. terrible? 你认为坏事能变为好事吗？
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working
【单元目标】 2．目标句型： 转述他人话语 What did sb. say?
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He said I … She said she… They said… 3．语法
直接引语和间接引语
【词汇学习】
1．mad adj．极为愤怒的；十分恼火的
She was mad with me for losing my keys．她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。
2．anymore adv．再；还（用于否定句）
He doesn't come here anymore．他再也不到这儿来了。
3．however adv．无论如何
He can answer the question however hard it is．不管问题有多难他都能回答。
4．suppose v．假定；认为；料想；期望
What do you suppose you will do after school? 你放学后想干什么?
5．nervous adj．紧张的；神经质的
I felt very nervous when I went into his office． 当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。
6．semester n．一学期；半年
We will have ten subjects in this semester．这个学期我们将学十门功课。
7．disappointing adj．令人失望的
Maybe this news is disappointing ．也许这是一个令人失望的消息。
8．be supposed to 认为必须；认为应该
You are supposed to be successful．你应该成功。
9．get mad 变疯；变得着迷
She gets mad about going to dance．她对跳舞着了迷。
10．get over 恢复，克服困难
Can we get over this difficulty? 我们能克服这个困难吗?
11. first of all 首先 12. pass on 传递
13. be supposed to 被期望或被要求…… 14. do better in 在......方面做得更好 15. be in good health 身体健康 16. report card 成绩单
17. get over 克服；恢复；原谅
18. open up 打开；开拓；开发；开放 19. care for 照料；照顾
20．have a party for sb. 为某人举行一次聚会 21．be mad at sb 对某人恼火，愤怒
【重点句型分析】
1. What are some soap operas you know? 你所知道的有哪些肥皂剧？ you know是定语从句，修饰前日面的名词soap operas
2. What are some things that happen on soap operas? 肥皂剧里发生了些什么事？
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That happen on soap operas 是定语从句，修饰前日面的名字something.
3. Lana said she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore. 拉娜说她不再生玛西娅的气了。 be mad at (with) sb. 对某人恼火
be mad at (about) sth. (doing sth.) 对某事恼火
eg. Mother got mad at (with) me for watching TV for hours. （此处的got mad at = was mad at） not… anymore 不再……
eg. She didn’t cry anymore. 她不再哭了。
4. bring some books to her house. 给她带来一些书 bring sth. to 从（远处）带来，拿来（到近处）
而其反义词为：take… to “从（近处）拿（走）到（远处） eg. Could you bring some water to me? Please take the chair to Jim’s room.
5.pass this message to sb.将这个消息(信息)传给某人 pass on sth. to sb 把某物传递给某人
eg. She said she would pass the dictionary to Tom.
6.You want to know why C didn’t return it and where it is.你想知道为什么C未将它还回来并想知道它在哪里。
此句中why C didn’t return it and where it is是宾语从句作know的宾语,请注意宾语从句的语序。（陈述语序）
7．You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it. 你应该今早上在车站去见面并把它还给人家。 be supposed to do ……被期望，应该(做……)
eg. He is supposed to be there on time.按理他应该准时到哪里。
【课文解析】
1. In English, I’m better at reading than listening. 在英语方面，我的阅读比听力更好。
be better at doing (than doing)是be good at ……的比较级，意思为“更擅长……” eg. Are they better at playing football than basketball?
2. I can do better in math.在数学方面我能做得更好。 better 是well的比较级
do well in 在…方面做得好 eg. Does she do well in physics?
3. I finished my end –of –year exams last week. 我上周结束了期末考试。
finish sth. (doing sth.) eg. Did he finish doing his homework before he went to bed?
4. I had a really hard time with science this semester. 这学期我的科学学科学得的确不好。
5. It’s not right to copy other’s homework. 抄袭别人的作业是不对的。 请记住这一句型：It’s right for sb to do … It’s right for sb to do…
6. I said I didn’t think it was a good idea for her to copy ma homework. 我说我认为对她来说抄我的作业不是个好办法。
注意1：此句中的三个动词都是过去时，即时态的一致性 注意 2：中英文语序（否定词的位置）的不同
7. She said it was much better if she din her own work. 她说如果她自己做作业就会好多了。
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人教版新目标英语八年级下册知识点全归纳
