圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台第二部分章节题库第1章阅读理解练习1Anumberofnaturaldisastersinrecentyears—suchasearthquakes,majorstorms,andfloods—thathaveaffectedlargepopulationsofpeoplehaveforcedreliefagenciescommunities,andentirenationstoreevaluatethewaysinwhichtheyrespondintheaftermathsofsuchdisasters.Theybelievethattraditionalwaysofdealingwithdisastershaveprovedineffectiveonseveraloccasionsand,insomecases,havebeendestructiveratherthanhelpfultothecommunitieshitbythesesuddenandunexpectedcrises.Traditionally,reliefhasbeenbasedonthepremisethataidinpostdisastersituationsismosteffectiveifgivenintheimmediateaftermathofanevent.Ahighpriorityalsohasbeenplacedonthequantityofaidmaterials,programs,andpersonnel,inthebeliefthatthenegativeimpactofadisastercanbecounteractedbyalargeandrapidinfusionofaid.Criticsclaimthatsuchanapproachoftencreatesanewsetofdifficultiesforalreadyhard-hitcommunities.Teamsofuninvitedexpertsandpersonnel-allofwhomneedfoodandshelter—aswellasuncoordinatedshipmentsofgoodsandtheestablishmentofprogramsinappropriatetolocalneedscanquicklyleadtoasecondary“disaster”asalreadystrainedlocalinfrastructuresbreakdownunderthepressureofthislargeinfluxofresources.Insomeinstances,tonsoffoodhave1/297圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台disappearedintolocalmarketsforresale,and,withinadequateaccountingprocedures,billionsofdollarsinaidmoneyhavegoneunaccountedfor.Todevelopamoreeffectiveapproach,expertsrecommendshiftingthefocustothelongterm.Aresponsethatproduceslastingbenefit,theseexpertsclaim,requiresthatcommunitymembersdefinetheformandmethodofaidthataremostappropriatetotheirneeds.Grassrootsdialoguedesignedtofacilitatepreparednessshouldbeencouragedindisaster-pronecommunitieslongbeforetheonsetofacrisis,sothatinadisaster’simmediateaftermath,reliefagenciescanrelyonmembersofaffectedcommunitiestotakethelead.Thepracticaleffectofthisapproachisthataidtakestheformofaresponsetothestateddesiresofthoseaffectedratherthananimmediate,thoughlessinformed,actionontheirbehalf.Thoughthisproposalappearssound,itssuccessdependsonhowanimportantconstituency,namelydonors,willrespond.Historically,donors—individuals,corporations,foundations,andgovernmentalbodies—havebeenmostlikelytorespondonlyintheimmediateaftermathofacrisis.However,communitiesaffectedbydisasterstypicallyhaveseverallong-termneedssuchastherebuildingofhousesandroads,andthusthemonthsandyearsafteradisasterarealsocrucial.Donorsthatincorporatedialoguewithmembersofaffectedcommunitiesintotheirreliefplanscouldfosterstrategiesthatmoreefficientlyutilizeimmediateaidaswellasprovideforthedifficultiesfacingcommunitiesintheyearsafteradisaster.1.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelyexpressesthemainpointofthe2/297圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台passage?(A)Themostusefulresponsetoanaturaldisasterisoneinwhichreliefagenciesallowvictimstodictatethetypeofaidtheyreceive,whichwillmostlikelyresultintheallocationoflong-termratherthanimmediateaid.(B)Thequantityofaidgivenafteranaturaldisasterreflectsthedesiresofdonorsmorethantheneedsofrecipients,andinsomecasesgreatquantitiesofaidaredestructiveratherthanhelpful.(C)Aidthatfocusesonlong-termneedsisdifficulttoorganizebecause,byitsverydefinition,itrequiresthatreliefagenciesfocusonconstructinganadequatedialogueamongrecipients,providers,anddonors.(D)Disasterreliefeffortshavebeenmarkedbyinefficienciesthatattesttotheneedfordonorsandreliefagenciestocommunicatewithaffectedcommunitiesconcerninghowbesttomeetnotonlytheirshort-termbutalsotheirlong-termneeds.(E)Thoughtheyearsafteradisasterarecrucialforcommunitiesaffectedbydisasters,thedaysandweeksimmediatelyafteradisasterarewhatcapturetheattentionofdonors,thusforcingreliefagenciesintotheroleofmediatorsbetweenthetwoextremes.答案：D解析：文中第一、二段介绍了传统的灾后援助方案及其弊端，第三、四段介绍了amoreeffectiveapproach，而这种新方案要求注重灾区的longtermneeds。attestto证明，表明。3/297圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台2.Whichoneofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratesthetypeofdisasterresponserecommendedbytheexpertsmentionedinthethirdparagraph?(A)Afteraflood,localofficialsrejectthreemoreexpensiveproposalsbeforefinallyacceptingacontractor’splantocontrolalocalriverwithadam.(B)Followingaplandevelopedseveralyearsagobyareliefagencyinconsultationwithdonorsandcommunitymembers,thereliefagencyprovidestemporaryshelterimmediatelyafterafloodandlaterhelpsrebuildhousesdestroyedbytheflood.(C)Immediatelyafteraflood,severaldifferentreliefagencies,eachactingindependently,sendlargeshipmentsofgoodstotheaffectedcommunityalongwithteamsofhighlymotivatedbutuntrainedvolunteerstocoordinatethedistributionofthesegoods.(D)Attherequestofitsdonors,aprivatereliefagencydelaysprovidinganyassistancetovictimsofaflooduntilaftertheagencyconductsathoroughstudyofthetypesofaidmostlikelytohelptheaffectedcommunityinthelongrun.(E)Afteraflood,governmentofficialspersuadelocalcompaniestoincreasetheircorporategivinglevelsandtodirectmoreaidtothesurroundingcommunity.答案：B解析：新的灾后援助方案主要有两点要求：一是，当地居民决定theformandmethodofaid；二是，与当地居民的这种对话应该是longbeforetheonsetofacrisis。选项B符合这两项要求。3.Theauthorofthepassagewouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichoneof4/297圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台thefollowingstatements?(A)Disasterreliefplansareappropriateonlyfordisaster-pronecommunities.(B)Whencommunitiesaffectedbydisastershavearticulatedtheirlong-termneeds,donorstypicallyhavebeenresponsivetothoseneeds.(C)Donorswouldlikelyprovidemoredisasterreliefaidiftheyhadconfidencethatitwouldbeusedmoreeffectivelythanaidcurrentlyis.(D)Itisnottheamountofaidbutratherthewaythisaidismanagedthatisthesourceofcurrentproblemsindisasterrelief.(E)Fewcommunitiesaffectedbydisastersexperienceacrucialneedforshort-termaid.答案：D解析：文中第二段提到，Teamsofuninvitedexpertsandpersonnel…uncoordinatedshipmentsofgoods…programsinappropriatetolocalneeds会造成第二次灾难，这体现的是救灾物资管理的混乱，而并没有提到物资的多少。4.Theauthordiscussesdonorsinthefinalparagraphprimarilyinorderto(A)pointtoaninfluentialgroupofpeoplewhohaveresistedchangestotraditionaldisasterresponseefforts(B)demonstratethattheneedsofdonorsandaidrecipientscontrastprofoundlyontheissueofdisasterresponse(C)showthatimplementinganeffectivedisasterreliefprogramrequiresanewapproachonthepartofdonorsaswellasreliefagencies(D)illustratethatreliefagenciesanddonorssharesimilarviewsonthegoalsof5/297
美国法学院入学考试(LSAT)章节题库-阅读理解【圣才出品】
