@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一[D]thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that______.[A]GlemMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime.[B]morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.[C]AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.[D]phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.38.TheauthorbelievestheRebekahBrooks’sdefense______.[A]revealedacunningpersonality[B]centeredontrivialissues[C]washardlyconvincing[D]waspartofaconspiracy39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows______.[A]generallydistortedvalues[B]unfairwealthdistribution[C]amarginalizedlifestyle[D]arigidmoralcode40.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?______.[A]Thequalityofwritingisofprimaryimportance.[B]Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting.[C]Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.[D]Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.(41)__________.Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstancebymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere.Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42)___________.Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“true”meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.(43)___________.Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44)___________.Thisdoesn’t,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage—includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns—debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit,(45)_________.Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggest—asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo—thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracyorrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.[A]Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfillstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelyto6@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一differconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.[C]Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeanings,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.[D]Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.[E]Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstanceabouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.[F]Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.[G]Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinatext’sformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.SectionⅢTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration—oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory—sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.(46)Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.(47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces—theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.(48)But,inevitably,theforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.(49)ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerica.Inthemeantime,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theWestIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysubsistedonmeagerrations.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtinterminabledelay.TotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.Saidonechronicler,“Theairattwelveleagues’distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden.”Thecolonists’first7@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一glimpseofthenewlandwasavistaofdensewoods.(50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores.SectionⅣPartA
51.Directions:
WritingYouaregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.Writeanemailofabout100wordsrecommendingabooktotheclubmembers.Youshouldstatereasonsforyourrecommendation.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB
52.Directions:
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)8@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题
参考答案
SectionIUseofEnglish(10points)2.ABCD7.ABCD12.ABCD17.ABCD3.ABCD8.ABCD13.ABCD18.ABCD4.ABCD9.ABCD14.ABCD19.ABCD5.ABCD10.ABCD15.ABCD20.ABCD1.ABCD6.ABCD11.ABCD16.ABCDSectionIIReadingComprehension(50points)PartA(40points)21.ABCD26.ABCD31.ABCD36.ABCDPartB(10points)41.ABCDEFG44.ABCDEFGSectionIII22.ABCD27.ABCD32.ABCD37.ABCD23.ABCD28.ABCD33.ABCD38.ABCD24.ABCD29.ABCD34.ABCD39.ABCD25.ABCD30.ABCD35.ABCD40.ABCD42.ABCDEFG45.ABCDEFG43.ABCDEFGTranslation(15points)46.这次由各种强烈动机驱动的人口迁移运动在一片荒芜中创造了一个国家，而其荒无人烟的本质也让这次人口迁移塑造了这个无人涉足过的大陆的品格和命运。47.美国是两种主要力量的产物——具有不同思想、风俗和民族特征的诸多欧洲民族的移入和改良了这些特质的新国家的影响。48.但是，美国特有的地理环境的作用力、各种不同群体之间的相互影响以及在这个荒芜的新大陆维系旧大陆生活方式的困难性引起了美国这个新兴国家天翻地覆的变化。49.在15、16世纪探索北美大陆的100多年后，首批满载移民的航船穿越大西洋驶向那片大陆，即如今的美国。50.这片树木数量丰富、品种繁多的原始森林着实是一个宝库，它从缅因州一路延伸至乔治亚州。SectionⅣWriting(25points)略（详见@大师兄英语真题解析及全文翻译、考研英语真题音视频讲解）@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题
试题解析SectionIUseofEnglish大师兄英语点评：2015年英语一完形是一篇名为“DNAofFriendship:StudyFindsWeareGeneticallyLinkedtoOurFriends”的文章，该文讲述的是朋友之间有相似基因，并且他们的嗅觉基因也相似这一研究发现。本文与原文的一致性很强，命题人没有删除任何段落。文章难度不大，多以词汇题为主。1.【D】语法题。从第一个空格到最后整个句子是表语从句。主句和其中表语从句缺少连接代词，A、B、C项均为连接副词。只有D项为连接代词。2.【B】句意判断。第一句为本文的论点，而从后面的内容看该论点是一项研究得出的结论。选择选择B项。A项“防御；辩护”；C项“撤回；取钱”。3.【C】介词搭配。根据句意：这份研究是对1932位独特个体实施的全基因组分析研究。表示“在…身上”用介词on。选择C项。4.【A】句意判断。根据该研究的结论“朋友间有1%的基因是相同的”，以及本题后面的“unrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers”可知，此这是份研究“对比”朋友间和陌生人间的基因发现的结论。选择A项。5.【C】词汇题。这些实验对象被分为“无血缘关系的朋友”和“无血缘关系的陌生人”两个“样本”。6.【A】句意判断。根据后面“itisnotsotoageneticist”（但对于一个遗传学家来说并不这样）可知A项“微不足道”最符合题意。C项和D项属于同义词“令人难以置信的”，与A项意思相反。7.【D】句意判断。本句意思是“大部分人甚至都只有D项最符合句意。8.【A】句意判断。根据上一题和本文所阐述的“朋友间有1%的相似基因”这个论点可知。“我们选择的朋友与我们的亲人”A项“相似”；B项“影响”；C项“更喜欢”；D项“超越”。选择A项。9.【B】本文开头的论点是一个发现，而本句又出现了一个发现，只有B项“也”符合逻辑。10.【D】句意判断。根据前面的一句“...difficulttoexplain”以及后面给出的解释，可判断，这是作者的猜测。只有D项“也许”符合题意。11.【B】介词判断。前一句的意思是“这种相似性能将我们引至同样的环境之中”，这是研究团队就朋友间为什么有相同嗅觉基因给出的一个解释，从后面一句“可能有许多机制……”可知，作者认为“对此”的解释还有很多，只有B项介词to有表示“对此，对”的意思。12.【A】根据下文可知，有许多机制“驱使”我们选择基因相近的人为友。B项“观察”。13.【B】整个句子是作者解释为什么朋友间有相同嗅觉基因，前半句说因为有很多机制驱使人们选择基因相似的人为友，根据逻辑判断，后面的“functionalkinship”应该不是择友所需的，所以选择B项“而不是”。14.【D】句意判断。根据前文中“functionalkinship”（起作用的朋友关系），可知交友为了D项“利益”。15.【C】词汇题。选项中有两对反义词，根据题意，首先排除A和D。再根据下文中“pickedpace”可知，此处应为C项“较快的”。16.【C】根据语意。空格后面是一个why引导的宾语从句，意为“人类进化在过去三万年间得以加速的原因”。能与这一宾语从句构成搭配的只有C项understand。A项forecast“预测”与“过去三万年”相矛盾，B选项remember“记住”和D选项“express”均不符合文意。17.【B】该句的前半部分说到“人类进化在过去3万年中加速了”，根据题意可知，此处要表达出“社会环境是一种主要的促成性因素”，所以选择B。18.【D】A项endeavor“努力”；B项“决定”；C项“安排”；D项“倾向”。本文的讨论的重点是解释人们在交朋友的一种倾向，即选择与自己有相似基因的人为友。因此正确答案为D。19.【C】结合上文，人们普遍希望和有相似基因背景的人。因而C项“种族的”最合题意。20.【A】句意判断。前一句是“尽管所有的研究对象都选自某个有欧洲血统的族群，但研究这还是所有研究对象，互为朋友的人和互为陌生人的人都来自同一族群。”四个选项中，只有seethat“确保，务必”1他们的第四代表亲，但总能选择我们亲人的人为友”这两个空有一定的关联性和逻辑性。A项“参观”；B项“想念”；C项“寻求”；D项“知道”。
2015年考研英语一真题、解析和全文翻译(大师兄版)
