2021高考英语语法易错点集锦与高考真题对点训练：动词的时态和语态(解析版)

2021高考英语语法易错点集锦与高考真题诊断：动词的时态和语态

一．英语中16种时态与语态的构成 现在 一般 进行 完成 完成 进行 has/have been doing \\ had been doing shall/will \\ have been doing \\ has/ have done am/is/ are doing do/does 主动 被动 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done 主动 did 过去 被动 was/were done was/were being done had been done 主动 shall/ will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done 将来 被动 shall/will be done shall/will be being done shall/will have been done 主动 should/ would do should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing \\ 过去将来 被动 should/would be done should/would be being done should/would have been done was/were doing had done 二．动词过去式的变化规则 一般情况在动词后加-ed 以-e结尾的动词后加-d work→worked play→played hope→hoped like→liked 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed study→studied try→tried 以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅 stop→stopped prefer→preferred 音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed admit→admitted permit→permitted 三．动词第三人称单数的变化规则 一般情况直接加-s work→works get→gets say→says read→reads discuss→discusses wash→washes fix→fixes 结尾为-s, -x, -sh, -ch或-o，在词尾加-es go→goes teach→teaches carry→carries study→studies 结尾为“辅音字母＋y”，变y为i再加-es try→tries fly→flies cry→cries 四．动词现在分词的变化规则 一般情况在词尾直接加-ing work→working study→studying 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing “辅音＋元音＋辅音”结尾的重读闭音节词， 且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母， 再加-ing 以-ie结尾的动词，变-ie为y再加-ing write→writing take→taking face→facing cut→cutting begin→beginning swim→swimming run→running put→putting plan→planning stop→stopping lie→lying die→dying 五．各种时态的用法 1.表示现在的情况、状态或特征。 He is a professor of geology at the University of Georgia. 2.表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night连用。 On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. 一般It's probably good for you to get some criticism now and then. Birds were chattering somewhere, and occasionally he could hear a vehicle pass by. 3.客观事实和普遍真理。 现The earth moves around the sun. 在4.表示按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, 时 stay, return, begin, come, close等动词。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. Our class meeting starts at three o’clock on Monday afternoon. 5.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将的来事情。（即：主将从现原则） I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport. When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started. 一1．表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。