考博英语词汇和翻译练习题及答案

考博英语练习题

1. Daily nutrition, weight, and physical activities in the family will largely determine whether your children are _____ to children diabetes. A. likely B. susceptible C. influential D. Sustainable

2. The accusations we bring against others should be ____ ourselves; they should not ____ complacency and easy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct. A. denigration of.., exclude B. instructions to... equate C. parodies of... satirize D. warnings to... justify

【翻译练习】

1、英译汉参考译文

The researchers, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, say when people are living together they share behaviors, such as eating meals together and watching TV. The scientists also note that marriage provides a number of health benefits, including decreased cigarette smoking and lower mortality.

2、汉译英

上海举行的峰会可以促进六国之间的友好合作关系。 【参考答案】 1.B

【句子大意】每日汲取的营养成分，体重和在家锻炼很大程度上决定您的孩子是否容易患上儿童糖尿病。

【精析】likely“很可能的，合适的”；susceptible“易受影响的”；influential“有影响的，有势力的”；sustainable“可以忍受的，足可支撑的”；故选B项。 2.D

【句子大意】那些对他人的控告应该视为对我们自己的一个警告；我们不能够仅凭自身道德行径就有理由去妄下定论并且骄傲自满。

【精析】denigration of 诋毁，贬损；exclude排除，排斥；instructions教导，说明；equate使相等，视为平等；parodies of模仿，效仿；satirize讽刺，挖苦；Warnings to警告；justify证明合法。根据原文，可根据第一句话，首先排除AC选项，对他人的控告不能是对自身的一种诋毁，或效仿。故选D项。 【翻译参考答案】 1、英译汉参考译文

北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)的研究人员说，两个人生活在一起就会一同行动，比如说一块儿吃饭看电视。科学家们还强调，婚姻会带来许多健康方面的好处，比如说少抽烟，死亡率也会降低。 2、汉译英参考答案

The Summit Sessions held in Shanghai could foster better relations and cooperation between the six counties.

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1. Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been ______ the goal of a practical and economical way to use sunlight to split water molecules. A. chasing B. reaching C. pursuing D. winning

2. Scientists believe that a conclusion which is drawn readily before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated is called ______. A. insincere B. premise C. presumption D. premature

【翻译练习】 1、英译汉

The Wall Street bank said it earned $1bn, or $1.69 a share, in the second quarter, up from $683m, or $1.13 a share, a year earlier. Strong fixed-income trading results offset a sharp drop in debt-underwriting revenue.

2、汉译英

只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。 【参考答案】 1.C

许多世界各地的科学团体一直追求利用太阳光分解水分子这一经济实用方式的目标。 【解析】动词词义辨析。chase“追逐，追捕”；reach“达到，抵达，伸出”；pursue“继续，追求，追赶”；win“赢得，在……中获胜”。由关键词have been“一直在（表示持续状态”及“goal”可推知“追求目标”符合，由此知C项正确。 2.C

【句意】科学家们认为在所有的相关数据被收集、分析和考虑之前轻易得出的结论被称为推定。 【解析】名词及形容词词义辨析。insincere“（形容词）不诚实的，虚假的”；premise“前提，假设”；presumption“假定，推定”；premature“早产儿，过早发生的事物”。由关键词conclusion“结论”及“before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated”可推知“称为推定”符合，由此知C项正确。 【翻译参考答案】 1、英译汉参考译文

这家华尔街银行表示，第二季度它的每股收益为10亿美元，合每股1.69美元，高于上年同期的6.83亿美元，即每股1.13美元。强劲的固定收益交易业绩抵消了债券承销收入的大幅下降。

2、汉译英参考答案

Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work.

============================================================================== 1. The Chinese language differs _____ from the English language because of their different writing system and pronunciation. A) considerably

B) consistently C) confidently D) continually

2. Everyone is trying to _____ how the fire started. A) figure out B) make out C) turn out D) clear out

【翻译练习】 1、英译汉

We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.

2、汉译英

那种情况出现时,这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励, 而不应遭到嘲弄。 【参考答案】 1.A

【句意】汉语与英语有很大的不同，因为两者的文字和发音不同。

【解析】词义辨析题。considerably相当；consistently始终；confidently 自信地；continually不断地。 2.A

【句意】每个人都试图弄懂是如何起火的。

【解析】词组辨析题。figure out 猜测，弄懂；make out起草，理解；turn out生产，变成；clear out 离开，腾出，清理。 1、英译汉参考译文

正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于琐事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望，如天上繁星，遥不可及。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。真正的幸福在于怎样开始，而不是如何结束，在于我们的希翼，而并非拥有。

2、汉译英参考答案

When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

=============================================================================== 1. Now that the excitement of celebrating has had a chance to _____, it's time to turn the Olympic ideal into reality. A) cut off B) carry off C) turn off D) wear off

2. _____, wings for the common man had to await the dawn of the space age to go back to the simplicity of their beginnings. A) Consequently B) Regularly C)Ironically

D) Comprehensively 【翻译练习】 1、英译汉

The 21st century is named as the era of “Internet as the king”. Cyberspace will be an important strategic resource in this century. Network economy has great influence on the traditional economic theories and even changes them. Network economy has obvious scale effect. A greater scale promises more clients, products of more standard level, more business opportunities and thus much more interests. No matter how miraculous the Internet is, it cannot exist independently without traditional economy. Without traditional economy, network economy will be like the fountain without water and the trees without roots, which will not make a sustainable development.

2、汉译英

他在科研上取得的成就要比预期的大。 【1.11）参考答案 1.D

【句意】既然庆祝的兴奋感已经消失了，现在是把奥林匹克理想变成现实的时候了。

【解析】词组辨析题。cut off 断掉，切断；carry off 夺得，夺走；turn off 关掉；wear off 消失，磨掉。 2.C

【句意】讽刺的是，为了回到自身飞翔的单纯起点，普通人类不得不等待太空时代的到来。 【解析】词义辨析题。consequently 因此；regularly 经常；ironically 讽刺地，出人意外的；comprehensively 全面地，透彻地，此句含有一个前后的逻辑关系，故选C。 1、英译汉参考译文 21世纪被人们称为“网络称雄”的时代，网络空间(cyberspace)将是本世纪重要的战略资源。网络经济对传统经济理论有着重大的影响，且甚至会改变它们。网络经济具有明显的规模效应。一个较大的规模预示着更多客户、更标准化的产品、更多的商业机会和因此而产生的过多利益。然而，不论网络如何神奇，它都不能脱离传统经济而独立存在。脱离了传统经济，网络经济将不会有持续性发展，这就如同无水之源、无本之木。 2、汉译英参考答案

The success he has achieved in scientific research is greater than expected.

============================================================================= 1. Some cultures have customs that ____ the clothing fashions of people in certain social classes. A) modify B) alter C) regulate D) revise

2. The ______ beauty of the mountain has made it a world-famous resort. Every year numerous tourists from home and abroad come to visit it. A) perpetual

B) perplexed C) preserved D) perished 【翻译练习】 1、英译汉

In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——even while building materials have changed dramatically.

2、汉译英

很难说哪个方案更为切实可行。 【参考答案】 1.C

【句意】某些文化有一些习俗，这些习俗规定了某些社会阶层中人们的穿衣时尚。 【解析】动词辨析题。四个选项意思分别是：modify“修改，更改；修饰”；alter“改变，更改”；regulate “控制，管理；调整；调节”；revise“修订，修改；复习”。制度的管理和规定经常用regulate，modify是指略微的修改，alter范围较广，指任何的改变，revise通常指修订课本。所以选项C是最佳答案。 2.C

【句意】山区未被破坏的美景使它成为世界闻名的度假胜地。每年，都有大量国内外的游客慕名来访。

【解析】形容词辨析题。四个选项意思分别是：perpetual “永久的，终身的；不断的，常发生的”；perplexed “困惑的，茫然不知所措的”；preserved “保护的”；perished “消亡的，毁坏的”。根据句子的上下文意思判断，只有选项C符合题意。 【翻译参考答案】 1、英译汉参考译文

为了使结构达到必要的大小和强度去满足它的目的，建筑学上使用了一些支撑的方法，因为这些方法都是基于物理定律，所以尽管建筑材料已经发生了巨大变化，这些方法却自人们发现它们以来就没有什么变化。 2、汉译英参考答案

It’s hard to say which plan is more practicable.

============================================================================= 1. Fred tried to get to the door, but the table was ______. A. in a way B. on the way C. in the way D. by the way

2. ______ a sudden burst of rain, the children came home with wet clothes. A. For B. Due to C. Owning to D. Thanks to 【翻译练习】 1、英译汉