Incoterms 2010 国际贸易术语解释通则2010

. Foreword By Rajat Gupta, ICC Chairman 前言 国际商会主席 Rajat Gupta The global economy has given business broader access 全球经济一体化使得商业通向世界各地市场的途径空前than ever before to markets all over the world. Goods 宽广。各种各样的货物被销售到世界各地。然而，随着are sold in more countries，in large quantities, and in 全球贸易数额的增加和贸易复杂性的加强，因贸易合同greater variety. But as the volume and complexity of 起草不恰当而带来的误解和高代价争端也可能随之增global sales increase, so do possibilities for 加。 misunderstandings and costly disputes when sale contracts are not adequately drafted. 国际贸易术语解释通则，国际商会规则在国内和国际贸The Incoterms? rules, the ICC rules on the use of 易用语的使用促进了全球贸易的进行。在贸易合同中引domestic and international trade terms, facilitate the 用国际贸易术语解释通则 2010 可明确界定各方义务并conduct of global trade. Reference to an Incoterms 2010 降低法律纠纷产生的风险。 rule in a sale contract clearly defines the parties' respective obligations and reduces the risk of legal complications. 自从1936年国际商会制定出国际贸易术语解释通则之后，此项在全球范围内被采用的合同标准就经常性地更Since the creation of the Incoterms rules by ICC in 1936, 新换代，与国际贸易的发展步调一致。国际贸易术语解this globally accepted contractual standard has been 释通则2010考虑了免税贸易区的不断增加，电子沟通在regularly updated to keep pace with the development of 商务中的不断增多，以及被更加重视的货物运输中的安international trade. The Incoterms 2010 rules take 全和变化等问题。国际贸易术语解释通 则2010更新并account of the continued spread of customs-free zones, 加强了交货规则，将规则总量从13条减少到了11条，the increased use of electronic communications in 并且使得所有规则的表述更加简洁明确。国际贸易术语business transactions, heightened concern about 解释通则2010同时也是第一个使得所有在买卖双方中的security in the movement of goods and consolidates in 适用保持中立的第一个国际贸易术语解释版本。 transport practices. Incoterms2010 updates and consolidates the 'delivered' rules, reducing the total number of rules from 13 to 11, and offers a simpler and clearer presentation of all the rules. Incoterms 2010 is also the first version of the Incoterms rules to make 国际商会的商法和实践委员会成员来自世界各地和多个all references to buyers and sellers gender-neutral. 贸易部门，该委员会广泛的专业技能确保了国际贸易术 语解释通则2010与各地的商贸需求相适应。 The broad expertise of ICC's Commission on Commercial Law and Practice, whose membership is drawn from all parts of the world and all trade sectors, ensures that the Incoterms 2010 rules respond to business needs everywhere defines the parties' respective obligations 国际商会向Fabio Bortolotti（意大利）的商法和实践and reduces the risk of legal complications. 委员会的成员表示谢意，向由Charles Debattista（副组长，英国），Christoph Martin Radtke（副组长，法ICC would like to express its gratitude to the members 国），Jens Bredow （德国），Johnny Herre（瑞典），of the Commission, chaired by Fabio Bortolotti (Italy), David Lwee（英国），Lauri Railas（芬兰），Frank Reynoldto the Drafting Group, which comprised Charles （美国），Miroslav Subert（捷克）组成的起草小组致Debattista (Co-Chair, France), Jens Bredow (Germany), 谢，并且向对11条规则的表述给予帮助的Asko Raty（芬Johnny Herre (Sweden), David Lwee (UK), Lauri Railas 兰）致谢。 精品

. (Finland), Frank Reynolds (US),and Miroslav Subert (Szech Republic), and to Asko Raty (Finland) for assistance with the images depicting the 11 rules. INTRODUCTION 介绍 Incoterms?规则规定了一系列在货物销售商业合同实践中使用的三字母系列贸易术语 Incoterms?规则主要描The Incoterms? rules explain a set of three-letter trade 述了货物从卖方到买方运输过程中涉及的责任，费用和terms reflecting business-to-business practice in 风险的划分。 contracts for the sale of goods. The Incoterms? rules describe mainly the tasks, costs and risks involved in the delivery of goods from sellers to buyers. 如何适用 Incoterms?2010 规则 1.把 Incoterms?2010 规则应用到销售合同中 如果要使合同适用 Incoterms 规则 2010，应在合同中明确表明，例如：所选择的 Incoterms 规则（含指定地点）适用 Incoterms?规则 2010。 2. 选择适宜的 Incoterms 规则 所选的 Incoterms 规则需要与货物，采取的运输方式相适宜，最重要的是合同双方是否意欲添加额外的义务，例如将办理运输或保险的义务加于买方或卖方。每个贸易术语的指导性解释中的信息对作出如此的决定非常有帮助。不论选用何种 Incoterms 规则，双方应该意识到对合同的解释会受到使用的港口或地址惯例影响。 3.尽可能精准地描述你方地址或港口名称 只有当事人双方选定特定的一个收货地或港口时，所选术语才能发挥作用。地点或港口名称越精准，Incoterms 规则越有效。 以下精准描述就是一个很好的例子： How to use the Incoterms? 2010 rules 1. Incorporate the Incoterms? 2010 rules into your contract of sale If you want the Incoterms? 2010 rules to apply to your contract, you should make this clear in the contract, through such words as, “[the chosen Incoterms rule including the named place, followed by] Incoterms? 2010”. 2. Choose the appropriate Incoterms rule The chosen Incoterms rule needs to be appropriate to the goods, to the means of their transport, and above all to whether the parties intend to put additional obligations, for example such as the obligation to organize carriage or insurance, on the seller or on the buyer. The Guidance Note to each Incoterms rule contains information that is particularly helpful when making this choice. Whichever Incoterms rule is chosen, the parties should be aware the interpretation of their contract may well be influenced by customs particular to the port or place being used. 3. Specify your place or port as precisely as possible FCA38 Cours Albert 1er，法国巴黎，2010通则 The chosen Incoterms rule can work only if the parties name a place or port, and will work best if the parties 在 Incoterms 规则下： specify the place or port as precisely as possible. EXW 工厂交货（……指定地点） A good example of such precision would be:： FCA 货交承运人(……指定地点)” “FCA 38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France Incoterms DAT 终点站交货(……指定目的地) 2010”. DAP 地点交货 (……指定目的地) DDP 完税后交货(……指定目的地) Under the Incoterms rule Ex Works(EXW), Free Carrier(FCA), Delivered at Terminal(DAT), Delivered at Place(DAP), FAS 船边交货(……指定装运港) FOB 船上交货(……指定装运港) 此处所指地点为交货地点，同时风险也从卖方转移至买方。 精品

. Delivered Duty Paid(DDP), Free Alongside Ship(FAS), and Free on Board(FOB), the named place is the place where delivery takes place and where risk passes from the seller to the buyer. Under the Incoterms rule Carriage Paid to (CPT), Carriage and Insurance Paid to(CIP), Cost and Freight(CFR) Incoterms 规则下 CPT 运费付至（……指定目的地） CIP 运费、保险费付至(…指定目的地) CFR 成本加运费(……指定目的港) CIF 成本、保险费 加运费(指定目的港) 所指地点随交货地不同而不同。在这四条 Incoterms 规则下，所指地点为运费付至地。 为了避免疑问和争议，指定地点或目的地可以进一步阐述为一个精确的地点。 The named place differs from the place of delivery. Under Cost, Insurance and Freight(CIF), these four Incoterms rules, the named place is the place of destination to which carriage is paid. Indications as to place or destination can helpfully be further specified by stating a precise point in that 4．谨记 Incoterms 规则并没有给当事人提供一份完整的销售合同 Incoterm 规则确有阐述销售合同中当事人的特定义务，当卖方将货物运至买方时，办理运输和保险义务的承担。 place or destination in order to avoid doubt or argument. 4. Remember that Incoterms rules do not give you a 然而，Incoterms 并没有任何关于付款价格或付款方式complete contract of sale Incoterms rules do say which party to the sale contract 的规定，或是货物所有权的转移，违约的后果等。这些has the obligation to make carriage or insurance 问题通常是通过销售合同的明示条款和适用的法律条文arrangements, when the seller delivers the goods to the 来解决。当事人需要注意的是，当地强制适用的法律有buyer, and which costs each party is responsible for. 可能优先于销售合同的内容，包括所选择的 Incoterms Incoterms rules, however, say nothing about the price 规则。 to be paid or the method of its payment. Neither do they deal with the transfer of ownership of the goods, or the Incoterms?2010 的主要特征 consequences of a breach of contract. These matters are 1.两个新的贸易术语，即 DAT 和 DAP 代替了原来normally dealt with through express terms in the Incoterms2000 的 DAF,DES,DEQ 和 DDU 术语。 contract of sale or in the law governing that contract. The parties should be aware that mandatory local law may override any aspect of the sale contract, including the chosen Incoterms rules. Main features of the Incoterm@2010 rules 贸易术语的数量从原来的 13 个减少到 11 个。 Incoterms2010 用两个可以不顾及已议定的运输模式的新术语——DAT，目的地交货和 DAP，指定地交货——代替了 Incoterms2000 中的 DAF,DES,SEQ 和 DDU术语。 1. Two new Incoterms ruls – DAT and DAP – have DAT 和 DAP 术语都规定需在指定地点交货：在 DAT情况replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF, DES DEQ and 下，从运输工具上卸下货物交由买方处置（这和先前的 DDU. DEQ 术语一样）；在 DAP 情况下同样交由买方处置，但The number of Incoterms rules has been reduced from 13 需做好卸货的准备（这和先前的 DAF, DES和DDU 术语一to 11. 精品

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. This has been achieved by substituting two rules that may be used irrespective of the agreed mode of transport 新贸易术语的使用，使Incoterms 2000中的DES和DEQ成— DAT, Delivered at Terminal, and DAP, Delivered at 为多余。DAT的目的地可以是港口，因此DAT可以用于在Place — for the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF, DES, DEQ and Incoterms 2000下DEQ适用的情况。同样的，DAP中运达DDU. Under both new rules, delivery occurs at a named 货物的交通工具可以是轮船，而目的地也可以是港口，因此DAP可以用于Incoterms2000下DES适用的情况。这两个新的术语，和先前的几个术语一样，是由卖方承担所destination: in DAT, at the buyer’s disposal unloaded 有费用（除了与进口清算有关的费用）和货物到达目的from the arriving vehicle (as under the former DEQ rule); 地前的风险。 in DAP, likewise at the buyer’s disposal, but ready for unloading (as under the former DAF, DES and DDU rules). The new rules make the Incoterms 2000 rules DES and DEQ 2. Incoterms?2010 中 11 种贸易术语的分类 superfluous. The named terminal in DAT may well be in Incoterms?2010 11 种贸易术语目前被分为两类： a port, and DAT can therefore safely be used in cases where the Incoterms 2000 rule DEQ once was. Likewise, the arriving “vehicle” under DAP may well be a ship 适用于任何运输方式的术语： and the named place of destination may well be a port: consequently, DAP can safely be used in cases where the EXW Incoterms 2000 rule DES once was. These new rules, like FCA their predecessors, are “delivered”, with the seller CPT bearing all the costs (other than those related to import CIP clearance, where applicable) and risks involved in DAT bringing the goods to the named place of destination. DAP 2. Classification of the 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules The 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules are presented in two distinct classes： RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPOTR EXW FCA CPT CIP DAT DAP DDP EX WORKS FREE CARRIER CARRIAGE PAID TO CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO DELIVERED AT TERMINAL DELIVERED AT PLACE DELIVERED DUTY PAID DDP 适用于海上和内陆水上运输的术语： FAS FOB CFR CIF 船边交货 船上交货 成本加运费 成本、保险费加运费 工厂交货 货交承运人 运费付至 运费及保险费付至 目的地交货 所在地交货 完税后交货 第一种分类中的七种贸易术语不用考虑所选用运输方式的种类。EXW,FCA,CPT,CIP,DAT,DAP 和 DDP 都属于第一种分类。它们甚至可以运用于没有海上运输的情况下。谨记只要运输中一个部分运用过船只便可以适用此类术语。 RULES FOR SEA AND INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT FAS FOB CFR CIF FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP FREE ON BOARD COST AND FREIGHT COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT 精品