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从操控论看林纾的《黑奴吁天录》
学生姓名 学 号 指导教师
二级学院 外国语学院 专业名称 英语 班 级
2011年11月
The Literature Review
of
A Study of Lin Shu’s Heinu Yu Tian Lu from Manipulation
Theory Perspective
Lin Shu is a renowned man of letters as well as translator in the late Qing Dynasty. But he is remembered more for his translation efforts than his other achievements because these works exerted great influence on the society then. What is special about Lin Shu is that he was a monolingual and hence had to collaborate with others who were fluent in foreign languages during translating. That is why Lin Shu has been studied and commented on by so many scholars for a long time.
When it comes to the study of translation, one is sure to think of the widely known traditional criterion “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance” put forward by Yan Fu. But as far as this criterion is concerned, Lin Shu is always heavily criticized since he made a lot of changes in many of his translation works.
However, the “cultural turn” that occurred in the 1970s provides us with new perspectives in the study of translation. More and more scholars have realized that Lin Shu did not make the changes for no reason. They tend to explore his works from new perspectives and focus on the ideological, cultural, historical and other reasons why Lin Shu should make such alternations.
1. Previous Studies on Lin Shu’s Translation
While Lin Shu’s was alive, many scholars had commented upon his translation. But a number of them tended to criticize him. In 1918, Liu Bannong(刘半农), in his “Reply to Wang Jingxuan’s letter”(《复王敬轩书》) (薛绥之 & 张俊才，2010:129-131), said that he seemed to see no good in Lin Shu’s translation. Liu’s criticism mainly focused on Lin Shu’s bad selection of the original works, mistranslations, lack of refinement in language and so on.
After Lin Shu’s death, in 1924, Zheng Zhenduo(郑振铎) gave a fair and
objective comment on Lin’s translation in Mr Lin Qinnan(《林琴南先生》)( 薛绥之 & 张俊才，2010:133-145). He appreciated Lin Shu’s translation efforts and evaluated the great contribution and impact of Lin’s translation. After the foundation of the People’s Republic of China，in 1964, Qian Zhongshu（钱钟书）wrote an important essay entitled Lin Shu’s Translations (《林纾的翻译》)( 薛绥之 & 张俊才, 2010:256-281). In this essay, Qian expressed that Lin Shu’s translation successfully aroused people’s interest in the Western literature. He also made a detailed study on Lin Shu’s mistranslations and compared his classical Chinese writings with the orthodox classical Chinese.
In recent decades, studies on Lin Shu include The Research Materials on Lin Shu edited by Xue Suizhi & Zhang Juncai（薛绥之 & 张俊才，2010）which collects most of Lin Shu’s essays and commentary essays on Lin Shu by many scholars. Lin Wei（林薇，1990）provides us with a summary of studies on Lin Shu in her book A Review of Researches on Lin Shu (《百年沉浮——林纾研究综述》). This is a more general and comprehensive book that covers some unknown anecdotes of Lin Shu and some materials on the study of Lin Shu including his life, translation works, literary achievements and so on.
2. Previous Studies on Lin Shu’s Translation of Heinu Yu Tian Lu
Ling Shi(灵石), a traditional scholar, wrote an article after he read Heinu Yu Tian Lu. The mistreatment and miserable destiny of the black slaves made him think of the befalling tragic fate of the Chinese people. He considered the book a great success which could arouse the patriotism among the Chinese(薛绥之 & 张俊才, 2010:113-115). But on the whole his article was just an emotional expression without theoretical support.
In recent years, researchers tend to study this work from new perspectives. In her article “Cultural Adaptation in Lin Shu’s Translation of Uncle Tom’s Cabin”(《从<黑奴吁天录>看林纾的文化改写》)，Chen Yan(陈燕，2002) probes into the cultural reasons for Lin Shu’s unfaithfulness and attempts to analyze the text from three perspectives, different writing styles between Chinese and Western literature, readers’
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