高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 98
Passage 1
Not too many decades ago it seemed \sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin（亲戚）and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the \is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism many produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity（多样性）. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanities areal so more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan（见多识广）outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship
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roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 1. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph？________
A. An argument is examined and possible solutions given. ? B. Two contrasting views are presented. ?
C. Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time. D. A detail description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given. 2. According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents________ . A. could not develop long-standing relationships? B. did not have the same interests as their neighbors C. tended to be associated with bad behavior D. usually had more friends
3. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors________ .
A. disrupt people's natural relations? B. make them worry about crime
C. cause them no to show concern for one another? D. cause them to be suspicious of each other
4. It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, ________ . A. the better its quality of life?
B. the more tolerant and open-minded it is?
C. the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress? D. the more similar its interests
Passage 2
The cruise(邮轮) tourism is the fastest growing industry in the travel industry. With rapid growth in the number of passengers, the number of cruise ships at sea, and
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the increased variety of destinations, the fast growth in the industry follows with increasing influences on the environment.
Like many travel industries, the negative influences on the environment seem to outweigh the positive ones. Even though the cruise industry is relatively small compared to the airline industry, cruise ships and their passengers generate more waste and pollutant emissions(排放物) while travelling and docked in port. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, a one-week voyage generates more than 50 tons of garbage, and during that same week 3.78 million litres of waste water is produced. That is water which is harmful to the ocean life and cannot be poured back into the ocean without being treated. These numbers are multiplied by more than 200 cruise ships sailing the world 365 days a year.
Due to pollution, coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are taking a significant damage. There are 109 countries with coral reefs. In 90 of them, reefs are being damaged by cruise ships. It is said 70% of cruise destinations are in the spots with the existence of a wide variety of sea plants and animal species.
However, it is not the amount of pollution generated by cruise ships that is most concerned, but rather, the way cruise ships deal with their waste. The way cruise ships get rid of waste is highly unregulated. Waste can be poured a few short miles off shore, which is later brought back to shore due to ocean currents. In most cases, there was no monitoring or administration from local authorities if cruise ships violated the pollution standards. The cruise industry continues to promote itself as environmentally friendly; the truth is, there are many examples of cruise ships breaking the law.
Processing waste on board is not impossible for cruise industries. Since the increased harmful effects on the environment have come to light, some cruise industries have done their part and as technology increases, their ability to become more eco-friendly has become the most important.
Holland American Line has invested \\1.5 million into a program called Seawater Scrubber Pilot. This program looks for opportunities to reduce engine emission on its
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ships. The Sea Water Scrubber system uses the natural chemistry of seawater to remove all harmful materials in the seawater before it is poured overboard. Even though it is only a small step, it makes a big difference.
The environmental impact of the cruise industry on the destination has negative effects. However, with effort made, there is still hope that these effects can be limited, or as we wish, reduced.
1. What adds to cruise ships' pollution? ________ A. Lack of proper regulations. B. Growing size of cruise ships. C. Service system on cruise ships. D. Useless water-treating program.
2. Why did the author mention Holland American Line?________ A. To stress environmental protection matters. B. To evaluate the effects of natural chemistry. C. To introduce the Sea Water Scrubber system. D. To prove some anti-pollution measure works. 3. What is the passage mainly about?________ A. Influences of cruise tourism. B. Problems in tourist industry. C. Consequence of ocean pollution. D. Administration of cruise emissions. 4. How is the passage developed? ________ A. By analyzing cause and effect. B. By discussing problems and solutions. C. By comparing benefits and disadvantages. D. By presenting similarities and differences.
Passage 3
Indian-origin Anvitha Vijay has given a new meaning to the phrase \number\
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age and experience.
Vijay, who lives with her parents in Melbourne, Australia, at the age of seven realised that her piggy bank did not have enough money to hire a developer to make her an app, so she decided to teach herself how to code. With the help of YouTube videos, the young techie learned to code. For one entire year, she watched multiple coding tutorials on the web and became a programmer herself.
Vijay's inspiration for developing the apps was her little sister, who was still learning to talk. Therefore, Vijay developed an educational app for children that were her sister's age. The app is called Smartkins, which uses about 100 sounds and flashcards of different animals that help children learn and identify. Later, Vijay developed a similar iOS app for children to identify and learn colors. Each app has been downloaded thousands of times.
Anvitha's skills won her a scholarship to attend a big tech conference hosted by Apple in San Francisco, California. There, she got tips from the pros. She went to workshops where she learned about the latest software for app building.
All that training led to an idea for a third app. This one, called GoalsHi, inspires kids to practice good habits. Users are rewarded for achieving goals, such as eating their vegetables or practicing piano. Anvitha says the rewards are like getting a sticker for a job well done.
Anvitha's goal is to continue creating technology that helps kids learn while having fun. But even more important to her is that the world sees the power of technology in kid's hands. \chance we have of becoming creativity champions who will one day change the world.\ 1. Vijay taught herself how to code because ________ . A. she couldn't afford a developer B. her sister begged her
C. she valued her savings very much D. her parents encouraged her
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高考英语阅读理解强化训练Day 98
