学士学位英语考前复习讲义

spend money/time (on doing sth); there's no;

there's no point in;

there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

* 同位语从句先行词：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding…

The fact that she failed in the exam last year.

* 关系代词who/that 指人,which/that指物,当先行词是人与物的并列名词时,关系代词要用that。

* 当先行词是不定代词（all, anything, something, nothing）时,关系代词要用that。

* 当先行词有only, all, any及最高级修饰时,通常用that做关系代词。

* 在从句介词提前的定语从句中,非限定性定语从句中,不能用 that做关系代词。

虚拟语气

* （1）should/would+动词原形do

* 如：I should go! but I'm still here!)

* I should be working now! (actually I’m playing now.) * 含\建议,假设,命令\的动词引导的从句用虚拟语气,should 常省略

* suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan, move（提议) * demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide; * require, request; think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.

* 以上动词的名词形式、分词、形容词引起的主语从句,表语从句,同位

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

语从句等都用虚拟语气 should+动词原形 如：It's suggested that… My suggestion is that… The only suggestion that...

The only suggestion I can give you now is that…

important; necessary; essential, advisable, obligatory that…. It's natural; strange; incredible, imperative a pity; a shame; no wonder

由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should

与将来相反 If +were to do, (subject) should/would do

If it rains tomorrow, we'll have to stay one day more.（也可以接受） 与现在相反：If +（ past tense）,(subject) should/would do If I were you, I would leave at once.

It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…从句中用一般过去时。 与过去相反：If +had done, (subject) should/would have done How nice it is if I had past the test!

How nice it is if I had slept a little more this morning!

* if only(只要,但愿), as if(似乎), as though (似乎), though, what if(假使...呢)引导的条件句和让步状语从句也表示与事实相反.

* He treated me as if I were his own son. * Hope I weren't always losing things! * If only/If I hadn't been there!

* What if I hadn't been waiting right here!

虚拟语气条件句

* 在虚拟语气条件句中, if 省略,were, had, should 置于句首,其它成分位置不便,句子半倒装。Had I been there, I would have talked about it with her.

虚拟语气经典考题

* it is/was (high/ about/ the )time that… 句型结构

* 在虚拟语气用于it is (high/ about/ the )time 句型中,虚拟语气中的谓

* * * *

语动词常用过去时,指现在或将来的情况,表示“早该做某事而已经有些晚了”。其中that可以省略。如：

It is high time we went home. 我们必须回家了（暗指有些晚了） It’s time they were taught a lesson. 该句型与以下两种句型区别：

（a）It’s time (+for +sb)+动词不定式。该句型表示“时间刚好准备做某事”,是陈述语气,表达一种事实。如：It’s time for us to have our supper.

倒装

* * * * * * * * * * *

①全倒装：将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。 地点副词置于句首 Here comes the bus.

这类副词有here, there, now, then, away, up, down, back等,常用谓语动词come, go, lie, run等表移动的动词。 如果主语是代词则不能倒装。 Here it comes.

②介词短语置于句首做状语,谓语动词倒装 Behind the tree hid a girl.

Neither, nor, so表否定或肯定,句子要倒装。谓语动词一般用助动词代替。 So am I. Neither did she.

So/such… that句型中的so/such位于句首时,句子全倒装 So happy was he that he couldn’t speak out a word.

* ②半倒装：did, does, has, had等助动词提取出来置于主语之前,而其它成分位置不变。如：

* Not until midnight did he go to bed.

a.否定副词置于句首,句子要倒装：

not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, no sooner…than, hardly…when

* Hardly had he finished cooking, when there was a knock on the door.

* b. only+状语（副词、介词词组、状语从句）位于句首,句子半倒装,但only接句子其它成分,句子不倒装

* Only recently did he notice how important education is. * Only the oldest one of the family stayed at home.

倒装经典考题

* ⑤如果陈述部分带有seldom ／ hardly ／ never ／ rarely ／ little ／ nowhere等否定词,谓语动词要用肯定式。

* 例：She seldom writes to her stepmother , does she?

* ④当数个形容词作定语共同修饰一个名词时,一般按照在意义上与名词关系的密切程度来确定其位置。其排列顺序如下：

a)冠词或指示形容词,b）所有格,c）序数词,d）基数词,e）表示特性或性质的词,D大小、长短、高低,D年龄、温度、新旧,h）形态、形状,i）颜色,j）国际、地区、出处,k）物资、材料,1）用途、类别、目的、与……有关。 * 例：a new red scarf

* all the nine beautiful young Chinese girl students

平行结构

* 这种结构的连词有both … and … ,．．．and as well, as well as , both , but , or ,nor , not only．．．but（also）,either．．．or , neither．．．nor , than , whether．．．or等。处于平行关系的部分可以是句子中的任何成分,包括名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、动名词（短语）、不定式短语、介词短语、分词短语、从句等。但试题中一般以短语和分句的平行结构为最多。连接词所连接的部分通常在语言形式上趋向一致,或同为不定式,或同为结构一样的从句等。

* 例：Even as a girl, __________to be her life, and theater audiences to be her best teachers. (2001)

* A. performing by Melissa

* B. it was known that Melissa's performances were * C. knowing that Melissa's performances were * D. Melissa knew that performing was * 答案是D

强调句型 经典考题

* “It is（was）十强调部分十that（who）+句子”。无论强调句子的什么成

分,如时间状语、地点状语等,都用that引出句子的其他部分,而不用when, where；在强调人时还可用who（whom）。

* 例： It was my parents who sent me the letter．

* It is only when one is ill that one realize the value of health. * 注意：

* ①is ／ was…that结构中的be动词只有时态的变化,没有数的变化,即不管被强调的部分是单数还是复数,一律用is ／was。被强调的部分是从原正常句子中为强调而提取出来的那一部分,因而要保持原来的形态,是代词的主格仍用主格,是代词的宾格仍用宾格。

* ②It was not until…that…为 强调句型中常见的强调时间状语的句式。that后用肯定式,整个句子意为“直到…¨才”。

* 例： It was not until midnight ________ the snowcapped peak. * A．that they sighted B. that they did not sight * C．did they sight D. had they sighted * 答案是A

* 如果复合句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是suppose ／ think ／ believe ／

expect等时,附加疑问句的主语就应与从句的主语保持一致。 I think there will be a lot of students in the library tomorrow, won’t there?

* 如果陈述部分是第二人称祈使句,后面的附加疑问句中要用肯定形式的will (would ) you 或否定形式的won’t you.

* 例：When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer,_______________?

* A．do you B．will you C．don’t you D．won’t you * 答案是B

形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法

* 当数词用在比较结构中,其顺序为“数词+名词+比较级+than’。如：

* 例：My watch is two minutes faster than yours. 我的表比你的快了两分钟。

* 有些形容词本身就具有“比…年长”、“比…优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如：inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior, posterior 等等。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。

* 例：She thinks that she is senior to everyone else in the company.

* 形容词最高级作定语时,最高级前通常要加定冠词the,如：the most important thing, the biggest elephant；但当最高级前有物主代词时,不需加the,如： his most famous novel.

* 比较级特殊句式the more …the more…常表示“越…越…”.more在此处泛指比较级,此句式的特点是前后两句以逗号隔开,句子结构平行,而且谓语动词一致时,为避免重复常进行省略。

* 比较级特殊句式（not）so ／ as…as表示“如同…一样,不如…”等意思。其结构和than句式相仿,但as…as之间的形容词必须用原形,而且 as…as 必须搭配使用。

比较句型考点

* 比较句式the same…as也常用来表示“和…一样” the same和as既可连用,也可分开使用。

* 比较句式not…any more than和no more …than “和…一样不”。

* no more than 前后比较的双方均表示否定,而no less than