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小升初英语必考语法知识

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(一)名词单复数

1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数:

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格

(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:

a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes

l并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车

(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China

冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类

(1)不定冠词:

a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an :

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠词:the the egg the plane 2. 用法: 定冠词的用法:

(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is

(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new. (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school. (4)在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second. (5)用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况:

(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.

(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等: This is my baseball.

(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday. (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well. (7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music. (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li. (9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus

代词、形容词、副词

代词:人称代词,物主代词 人称代词物主代词 主格宾格 第一

人称单数I(我)memy(我的) 复数we(我们)usour(我们的) 第二

人称单数you(你)youyour(你的) 复数you(你们)youyour(你们的) 第三

人称单数he(他)himhis(他的) she(她)herher(她的) it(它)itits(它的)

复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的) 形容词,副词:比较级,最高级 (一)、形容词的比较级

1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。 2.形容词加er的规则: ①一般在词尾加er ; ②以字母e 结尾,加r ;

③以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ; ④以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。 3.不规则形容词比较级:

good-better, beautiful-more beautiful (二)副词的比较级

1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后

2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)

数词:基数词、序数词

(1)1-20>

(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。

23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one

(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;

586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three

(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion

1,001→one thousand and> 18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three 6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion 序数词

(1)一般在基数词后加th

eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth (2)不规则变化

(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th

twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth

(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。 twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基数

词转为序数词的口诀: 基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th. 一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty将y变成i,th前面有个e. 若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。

介词:常用介词:in,> 1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。 at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午) 2.on

1)表示具体日期。

注:(1)关于\在周末\的几种表示法:

at(on)the weekendat(on)weekendsover the weekendduring the weekend

在周末---特指

在周末---泛指 在整个周末 在周末期间

(2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas? 2)在(刚……)的时候。

On reaching the city he called up his parents. 一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。 3.in

1)表示\时段\、\时期\,在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)

动词:动词的四种时态

(1)一般现在时

一般现在时的构成

1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English. 我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加\或\。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 动词+s的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

(2)一般过去时

动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:

A、规则动词

(1) 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited (2) 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类) (4) 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

(3)一般将来时

基本结构:

(1)be going to + do;

(2)will+ do. be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

(4)现在进行时

am,is,are+动词现在分词

动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:

(1) 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating (2) 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

(3) 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

小升初英语必考语法知识

(一)名词单复数1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-familie
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