专题10 定语从句
【2017年高考命题预测】
高考研究定语从句是英语三大类从句中最难的一类,其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词,不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。因此在学习定语从句时,务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。
预测今后高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。 【考点定位】2017考纲解读和近几年考点分布 (1) 考纲要求
定语从句是高考的热点,对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容:1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词;2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词;3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别;4.介词+关系代词的用法;5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断;6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。 (2) 命题规律
一、主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用,特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。 二、高考对定语从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构,而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。
【考点pk】 名师考点透析 考点1:关系代词一览表
从句 关系词 先行词 成分 Do you know the man who is talking whom, whichwho 关系代词 whom 人 宾语 但介词提The boy (whom) she loved died in the 略,war.. 前时后面关人 主语 with your mother? 和that在从Mr. Smith i s the person with whom 句中做宾语I am working 时,常可以省例句 备注 I like those books whose topics are 系代词不能about history. whose 人,物 定语 The boy whose father works abroad is 以用that my desk mate. A plane is a machine that can fly. 主语 that 人,物 宾语 see very much. The book (which) I gave you was 主语 which 物 宾语 The picture which was about the accident was terrible. He is such a person as is respected 主语 as 人,物 宾语 This is the same pen as I lost 般不省略 yesterday. 时间 when 关系副where 地点 词 why
考点2:that与which,who,whom的用法区别 that和which的用法区别:
在定语从句中,关系代词which和 that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意:
原因 状语 turned down my offer. which 状语 原因 时间 状语 地点 This is the house where I was born. which I can’t imagine the reason why he 可用for met there. which 可用in I will never forget the day when we 可用on by all of us. as做宾语一worth $10. She is the pop star (that) I want to 省略,也不可
(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。如:
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。 (4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。如:
Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。
(5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,只能用that。如:
This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。
(3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能用which。如: I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太贵的那一个。 who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解:
在定语从句中,关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,但在下列情况下值得注意:
一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who (whom)。如:
My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐,她在国外学习,就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。
(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who (whom)。如:
Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前