动物学双语课程教学大纲
Syllabus of the Bilingual Curriculum of Zoology
课程编号 Course number 总学时数 Total hour 课程性质 Course type
120 专业基础必修课 Specialty basis and compulsory 121402 课程名称 Course title 实验学时数 Lab hour 适用专业 Specialty 动物学 Zoology 48 生物科学 Bioscience 考试、考查 Grading and evaluation 学分数 Credit Unit offering the course 考试 Exam for theories and test for experiments 7 课程承担单位 生物科学与工程学院 College of Bioscience and Engineering 1．课程的目的和任务 Objective and Mission of the Bilingual Curriculum
动物学课程是高等院校为生物科学专业本科生开设的必修课程之一。为了提高教育质量，现以英语和汉语进行讲授，因此冠名陕西理工学院双语课程。
Zoology is one of the compulsory courses offered to undergraduate students who major in bioscience in a college or university, and is now being taught in both English and Chinese simultaneously so as to enhance educational qualities, thus entitled bilingual curriculum in Shaanxi University of Technology.
动物学双语课程，对主要动物门进行概览，重点介绍每门动物形态和结构的主要类型、分类学多样性、生活史策略、生态学关系和进化发展。
The bilingual curriculum of Zoology is a survey of the major Phyla of animals in both English and Chinese. Emphasis is placed upon: the major patterns of animal form and structure within each Phylum, taxonomic diversity, life-history strategies, ecological relationships, and evolutionary development.
课程的目的和任务，是使学生们掌握动物形态、结构与功能的基本知识，理解动物形态学、分类学和进化原理，提高以英语阅读专业文献并流利表达学术观点的能力，获得初级科学训练，并为今后胜任动物学及相关课程的教学、参与秦巴山区动物资源研究与管理、加盟国际动物学合作研究、追赶世界先进水平奠定良好基础。
Its objective and mission are to instruct students to grasp primary knowledge on basic form, structure and function of animals, understand principles of animal morphology, taxonomy, and evolution, increase abilities of reading special literature in English and expressing academic ideas fluently, gain an elementary training in scientific research, and lay a good foundation to competent for teaching Zoology and relevant courses, participate in investigations and management of animal resources in Qinling-Bashan mountainous areas, join in international cooperation concerning zoological research, and pursue advanced levels in the world.
动物学双语课程教学大纲 Syllabus of the Bilingual Curriculum of Zoology
本课程的另一项重要任务，是以动物学知识启发学生的智力，引导学生深入理解动物、生物乃至大自然，树立“人与自然和谐发展”的理念，并能科学合理地保护生物多样性和生态环境。
The other important task of the curriculum is to enlighten students’ intelligence on the base of zoological knowledge, direct them to go deep into understanding animals, living beings, and even the whole nature, build up the conception for humans’ development with the nature harmoniously, and become capable of maintaining and protecting biodiversity and ecological environment scientifically.
2．课程教学基本要求 Prerequisite and Requirement of the Curriculum
研修《动物学》双语课程的学生，需要事先研修《植物学》、《大学英语》、《专业英语》等课程，尤其要获得相应的听、说、读、写英语的能力，其水平接近、达到英语四级。
Students who study the bilingual curriculum of zoology must learn in advance such courses as Botany, College English, Special English, etc., gaining especially abilities of listening to, speaking, reading, and writing English, with corresponding levels close to, and/or attaining English Band-Four.
为了扩大课程知识传输量并提高《动物学》双语教学的效率，本课程拟采用多媒体双语课件、计算机辅助教育(CAI)、投影、网络技术等条件实施理论讲授；待条件允许时以双语组织实验教学。
To expand transmissions of the curricular knowledge and increase the efficiency of teaching Zoology bilingually, lectures will be offered under the conditions of using techniques such as multimedia courseware, computer-aided instruction (CAI), projection, network, etc.; and corresponding experiments will be also instructed in both languages when conditions are allowed.
3．课程教学内容及主要知识点 Main Contents and Outlines to Be Taught
3.1 绪论 Introduction
生物的分界及动物在其中的地位 The biologic kingdoms and the place occupied by animals (对生物世界进行分界的理论及其证据The theories and evidences to group organisms into kingdoms, 动物界的地位the status of animal kingdom).
动物学及其分科 Zoology and its branches.
研究动物学的目的意义 The objective and significance to study zoology.
动物学发展简史 Brief histories of zoological development (西方动物学的发展brief histories of zoological development abroad, 我国动物学的发展brief histories of zoological development at home).
动物学的研究方法 Methodology for zoological studies (描述法description, 比较法comparison, 实验法experimentation)
动物分类的知识 Knowledge of animal taxonomy (分类依据classification basis, 分类等级categories, 物种的概念the concept of species, 动物的命名animal nomenclature, 动物的分门phyla in Kingdom Animalia).
动物学科技新动态 Current dynamics in zoological studies and related technologies.
3.2 动物体的基本结构与机能 Essential Structures and Functions of Animals
细胞 Cell [细胞的一般特征general characteristics of cells, 细胞的化学组成(蛋白质, 核酸, 糖类, 脂类) chemical constituents (protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, lipid), 细胞的结构(细胞膜(或质
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动物学双语课程教学大纲 Syllabus of the Bilingual Curriculum of Zoology
膜), 细胞质, 细胞核) cell structure (cell membrane (or plasma membrane), cytoplasm, nucleus), 细胞周期cell cycle, 细胞分裂(无丝分裂，有丝分裂，减数分裂) cell division (amitosis, mitosis, meiosis)].
组织 Tissues [四大组织(上皮组织，结缔组织，肌肉组织，神经组织) four kinds of tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous)].
器官Organs.
系统 Organ systems [十大系统(皮肤系统、骨骼系统、肌肉系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、循环系统、排泄系统、内分泌系统、神经系统和生殖系统) ten organ systems (dermal, skeletal, muscular, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, endosecretory, nervous, and reproductive)].
3.3 原生动物门 Protozoa
原生动物门的主要特征 Characteristics of the phylum Protozoa.
鞭毛纲 Mastigophora: 代表动物——眼虫 representative -- Euglena；鞭毛纲的主要特征characteristics of the class; 鞭毛纲的重要类群 important groups (植鞭亚纲 Phytomastigina, 动鞭亚纲 Zoomastigina).
肉足纲 Sarcodina: 代表动物——大变形虫 representative -- Amoeba proteus Pallas；肉足纲的主要特征 characteristics of the class; 肉足纲的重要类群 important groups (根足亚纲 Rhizopoda, 辐足亚纲 Actinopoda).
孢子纲 Sporozoa: 代表动物——间日疟原虫 representative -- Plasmodium vivax Grassi ＆ Feletti; 在人体内(进行裂体生殖) schizogony in the human body (红血细胞前期 pre-erythrocytic stage, 红血细胞外期 exo-erythrocytic stage, 红血细胞内期 erythrocytic stage); 在按蚊体内(进行配子生殖和孢子生殖) gametal or spore reproduction in the anopheles body; 孢子纲的主要特征 characteristics; 孢子纲的重要类群 important groups]。
纤毛纲 Ciliata: 代表动物——大草履虫 representative -- Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg; 纤毛纲的主要特征 characteristics; 纤毛纲的常见种类 commonly seen species belonging to the class.
原生动物与人类的关系 The relationship between protozoans and humans. 原生动物的系统发展 Systematic development of protozoans. 秦巴山区的原生动物 Protozoans in Qin-Ba mountainous areas.
3.4 多细胞动物的起源 The Origin of Multicellular Animals
从单细胞到多细胞 Evolution from monocellular animals to multicellular ones.
多细胞动物起源于单细胞动物的证据 Evidences of multicellular animals originating from monocellular ones (古生物学方面 in the aspect of paleontology, 形态学方面 morphology, 胚胎学方面 embryology].
胚胎发育的重要阶段 The important stages of embryonic development (受精与受精卵 fertilization and fertilized eggs, 卵裂 cleavage, 囊胚的形成 blastulation, 原肠胚的形成 gastrulation, 中胚层及体腔的形成 formation of mesoderm and coelom, 胚层的分化 differentiation of embryonic layers).
生物发生律 Biogenetic law (or recapitulation law).
关于多细胞动物起源的学说 Theories on the origin of multicellular animals (群体学说 colonial theory, 合胞体学说 Syncytial theory, 共生学说 Symbiosis theory).
3.5 多孔动物门 Porifera (海绵动物门Spongia)
海绵动物的形态结构 form and structure of poriferans [不对称体型 asymmetric body plan, 非明确的组织、器官和系统 non-specific tissues, organs and systems, 水沟系 canal system (单沟型ascon type, 双沟型 sycon type和复沟型 leucon type)].
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动物学双语课程教学大纲 Syllabus of the Bilingual Curriculum of Zoology
海绵动物的生殖和发育 reproduction and development of poriferans.
海绵动物门的分类及分类地位 classification and the place of the phylum Porifera (钙质海绵纲Calcarea, 六放海绵纲 Hexactinellida, 寻常海绵纲 Demospongiae).
海绵动物的经济价值 economic values of poriferans. 附: 扁盘动物门 Placozoa.
3.6 腔肠动物门Coelenterata
腔肠动物门的主要特征 Characteristics of the phylum Coelenterata (辐射对称 radial symmetry, 两胚层 two embryonic layers, 原始消化腔original digestive cavity (or gastrovascular cavity), 组织分化 tissue differentiation, 肌肉的结构 musculature，原始的神经系统——神经网 original nervous system -- nerve net).
腔肠动物门代表动物——水螅 Representative of the phylum -- Hydra.
腔肠动物门的分纲 Classes of the phylum (水螅纲 Hydrozoa, 钵水母纲 Scyphozoa, 珊瑚纲Anthozoa).
腔肠动物的系统发展 Systematic development of coelenterates. 附：栉水母动物门 Ctenophora.
3.7 扁形动物门Phylum Platyhelminthes
扁形动物门的主要特征 Characteristics of Platyhelminthes (两侧对称 bilateral symmetry, 中胚层的形成formation of mesoderm, 皮肤肌肉囊 dermo-muscular sac, 消化系统 digestive system, 排泄系统 excretory system, 神经系统 nervous system, 生殖系统 reproductive system, 生活习性和环境 behavior and habitat, 分类 classification).
涡虫纲Turbellaria (代表动物——三角涡虫 representative -- Dugesia, 涡虫纲的主要特征 characteristics of the class, 涡虫纲的分类 classification of the class).
吸虫纲 Trematoda (代表动物——华枝睾吸虫 representative Clonorchis sinensis, 吸虫纲的主要特征 characteristics of the class, 吸虫纲的分类 classification of the class).
绦虫纲 Cestoida (代表动物——猪带绦虫 representative -- Taenia solium, 绦虫纲的主要特征 characteristics of the class, 绦虫纲的分类 classification of the class).
寄生虫和寄主的相互关系及防治原则 Systematic development of Platyhelminthes and control principles.
扁形动物的系统发展 Systematic development of Platyhelminthes. 附：纽形动物门 Phylum Nemertea.
秦巴山区的扁形动物 Platyhelminthes in Qin-Ba mountainous areas.
3.8 原腔动物Protocoelomata
线虫动物门Nematoda (线虫动物门的主要特征 charateristics of the phylum Nematoda, 代表动物——人蛔虫 representative -- Ascaris lumbricoides, 线虫动物门的分类 classification of the phylum, 几种重要的习见线虫 several important, commonly seen wireworms).
轮虫动物门 Rotifera. 腹毛动物门 Gastrotricha.
原腔动物的系统发生 Phylogenesis;
附: 棘头动物门 Acanthocephala, 线形动物门 Nematomorpha 秦巴山区的线虫动物 Roundworms in Qin-Ba mountainous areas.
3.9 环节动物门Annelida
环节动物门的特征 Characteristics of the phylum Annelida: 分节现象 metamerism, 次生体腔
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动物学双语课程教学大纲 Syllabus of the Bilingual Curriculum of Zoology
secondary coelom, 刚毛与疣足 seta and parapodium, 循环系统 circulative system, 后肾管metanephridium, 索式神经系统 nerve cord, 担轮幼虫 trochophore
代表动物——环毛蚓 representative -- Pheretima: 外部形态 external form, 内部构造 internal structure (体壁和次生体腔body wall and secondary coelom, 消化系统 digestive system, 循环系统 circulatory system, 呼吸与排泄系统 respiratory and excretory systems, 神经系统 nervous system, 生殖系统 reproductive system)
环节动物门的分类 Classification of the phylum Annelida: 多毛纲 Polychaeta, 寡毛纲 Oligochaeta, 蛭纲 Hirudinea.
环节动物的经济意义 Economic significance of annelids. 环节动物的系统发展 Systematic development of annelids.
附: 螠虫门 Echiura, 星虫门 Sipuncula, 须腕动物门 Pogonophora. 秦巴山区的蚯蚓和蚂蟥 Earthworms and Leeches in Qin-Ba mountainous areas.
3.10 软体动物门 Mollusca
软体动物门的主要特征 Characteristics of the phylum Mollusca: 身体的划分 partition of the body, 外套膜 mantle, 贝壳 shell, 消化系统 digestive system, 体腔和循环系统 coelom and circulatory system, 呼吸器官 respiratory organ, 排泄器官 excretory system, 神经系统 nervous system, 生殖和发育 reproduction and development.
软体动物门的分类 Classification of the phylum Mollusca: 腹足纲 Gastropoda [代表动物——圆田螺 Representative -- Cipangopaludina, 主要特征 Charecteriistics, 身体不对称的起源 the origin of the asymmetrical body, 腹足纲分类 Classification of the class Gastropoda]; 瓣鳃纲 Lamellibranchia (代表动物——无齿蚌 Representative -- Anodonta, 主要特征 Characteristics, 瓣鳃纲分类 Classification of the class Lamellibranchia); 头足纲 Cephalopoda (代表动物——乌贼 Representative -- Sepia, 头足纲分类 Classification of the class Cephalopoda).
软体动物的经济意义 Economic significance of mollusks. 软体动物的系统发展 Systematic development of mollusks.
秦巴山区的螺与河蚌 Snails and bivalves in Qin-Ba mountainous areas.
3.11 节肢动物门Arthropoda
节肢动物门的主要特征 Main characteristics of Arthropoda (发达坚厚的外骨骼 solid and developed exoskeleton, 高效的呼吸器官——气管highly efficient respiratory apparatus -- trachea, 简单的开管式循环系统 simplified open circulatory system, 异律分节和身体分部 metamerism with tagmatization, 分节的附肢 jointed appendages, 强劲有力的横纹肌 strong and powerful, striated muscle, 灵敏的感觉器和发达的神经系统 sensitive feeling organs and developed nervous system, 独特的消化系统和新出现的马氏管 unique digestive system and newly emerged Mulpigian tube).
节肢动物门的分类 Classification of Arthropoda [有爪纲 Onychophora (or Prototracheata), 甲壳纲 Crustacea (代表动物——日本沼虾 representative -- Macrobrachium nipponense，概述及主要特征summary and characteristics, 重要类群 important groups), 肢口纲 Merostomata, 蛛形纲 Arachnoida (概述及主要特征 summary and characteristics, 重要类群 important groups), 多足纲 Myriapoda (概述及主要特征summary and characteristics, 重要类群 important groups), 昆虫纲 Insecta (代表动物——中华稻蝗representative -- Oxya chinensis, 概述及主要特征 summary and characteristics, 重要类群 important groups)].
节肢动物与人类 Relationship between arthropods and humans. 节肢动物的系统发展 Systematic development of arthropods.
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动物学双语大纲
