人教版高中英语选修7Unit3知识点详解
Part 1. Warming up
Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending
1.I thought，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many time.我当时认为这只是个故事，但是后来我却多次亲眼目睹了这样的事情。
witness vt. 目睹；目击；为……作证
句型witness to (doing/having done) sth.证明某事；证实做了某事
Police are appealing to any driver who may have witnessed the accident.警方正呼吁曾目睹这事故的司机出面作证。
The 1980s witnessed increasing unemployment throughout Europe.20世纪80年代是全欧洲失业日益加剧的年代。
Her principal was called to witness to her good character.她的校长被传唤来证明她优良的品质。 The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋建筑物。 n. 证据；目击者
He has been a witness to a terrible murder.他目击了一起残忍的凶杀事件。
His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。
2.One afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. 归纳总结
accommodation n.住处；停留处；和解，调解；(pl.)住宿，膳宿 (1)make accommodations for...为?“提供膳宿 book accommodation at a hotel向旅馆预订房间 arrange sb.’s accommodation给某人安排住处 （2）accommodate vt.向??提供住宿（或膳宿）；容纳；为??提供空间；考虑到；顾及； 帮忙；给??提供方便；顺应，适应（新情况） accommodate...to=adapt...to使??适应
accommodate oneself to=adapt (oneself) to适应；顺应 accommodate sb.with sth.=supply sb.with sth.给某人提供 即学即用
（1）客座艺术家们只好自掏腰包支付食宿费用。
Guest artists have to pay for their own accommodations and meals. （2）旅馆房间不足。The hotel accommodation is scarce.
（3）这幢房子可容纳两家人居住。 The house can accommodate two families (4)银行将提供一笔贷款给你。The bank will accommodate you with a loan.
(5)你必须使自己适应形势。You will have to accommodate yourself to the situation.
3.We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again. 搭配 opposite to…在……的对面；与……相反
I sat opposite to him during the meal. 吃饭的时候我坐在他的对面。
The result was opposite to what we expected. 结果与我们所预料的正好相反。 see...doing... 看见……正在做……；throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again在句中作宾语补足语，与宾语an enormous animal存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式。
I saw the little child crossing the street.我看见那个小孩儿在过马路。
(1)在感官动词see, hear, look at, notice, observe, feel, find等及使役动词have, make, leave, keep, get等后既可以用不定式也可以用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。不定式(不带to)表示过程或动
词完成，v.-ing形式强调进行或当时情景。
(2)另外在感官动词see, hear, feel等及使役动词make, get, have, keep等后也可用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
The boss kept the workers working the whole night.那个老板让工人整夜地工作。 I have never heard him spoken ill of.我从未听说过有人说他的坏话。 I have my hair cut once a month.我每月理一次发。
4. “Come on, Clancy. To the boat”, George said as he ran ahead of me.
come on（祈使句，表示劝说，激励，不耐烦，催促）来吧，赶快，得了吧 与come相关的短语： come about 发生 come across 偶然遇见 come out 出版
come through 经历...仍活着,安然渡过 come to 总计
come up 被提出；长出地面 come up with 提出
come about , come through, come out , come up, come to , come across 1) The cost of the journey _______ 3000 yuan. 2) How did the accident ___________ ? 3) When will the book __________ ?
4) I _____________ my teacher in the street yesterday . 5) The seeds haven’t __________ yet . 6) The old man ___________ the World War I.
comes to come about come out came across come up came through 5.This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的号角。
be about to do表示打算或即将发生的动作，但它不与表示将来时间的副词或其他具体 将来时间状语连用。但可以与when连用，构成固定句型。
6.Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.
drag vt. 拖；拉 vi.拖曳；吸 drag away 用力拖，拉
drag out/on (使)持续过久，拖延
drag sb. down 使身体垮掉；使情绪低落
Her dress dragged on the floor.她的裙子在地板上拖曳着。
Angry protesters were dragged away by the police.愤怒的抗议者被警察拖走了。 They dragged out the meeting with long speeches.他们的发言长篇大论，使会议拖了很长时间。
7.“In the meantime,Old Tom,and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue,”...在这段时间里，老汤姆和其他虎鲸会饱餐一顿的，鲸唇和鲸舌就是它们的美食??
in the meantime意为“在??期间，同时”，其同义词是meanwhile。 for the meantime 目前，眼下
8.“Man overboard! Turn the boat around!”urged George, shouting loudly. 归纳总结
urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策。
(1)urge sth./sb.on催促某物/某人前进 urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事
urge sb.into doing sth.催促某人做某事
(2)urge that...极力主张，强调，从句谓语形式为(should)+动词原形 It is urged that...坚决要求??，从句谓语形式为（should）+动词原形 即学即用
（1）他要求所有学生参加这次活动。He argued all the students to take part in this activity.
（2）我强调他要尽自己最大的努力。I urgued that he (should) do his best.
（3）有人极力主张他应受到惩罚。 It was urgued that he should be punished .
9.The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat.那天海面上风大浪高，很难操纵船只。
be+adj.+to do在“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，不定式与主语在意义上是动宾关系，但要用主动形式表被动意义；如果不定式的动词是不及物的，要在不定式后边加介词。用于这种句式中的形容词常为：easy, difficult, heavy, hard, nice, bitter, dangerous, interesting, important, comfortable, pleasant, impossible等。
此句型中还可用it作 形式主语，常构成以下结构：It’s+adj.+for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事??It’s+adj.+of sb.to do sth.某人如此??而做某事
10.From James’s face,I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. 归纳总结
abandon vt.遗弃,放弃；n. 放任，放纵。 abandon oneself to...纵情；沉溺于?? abandon doing sth.放弃做某事 with abandon放纵地，放任地
abandoned adj.无约束的；无度的；放荡的 【巧学助记】
The child was abandoned by his parents. Eventually the abandoned boy was found wandering in the street，abandoning himself to despair.那个孩子被他的父母遗弃了，后来有人发现那个被抛弃的孩子在大街上游荡，他已陷入了绝望。
11.It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom. 归纳总结
(1)在It takes (sb.) some time/sth.to do sth.
句型中，take意为“ 花费，需要”，take前也可用具体名词作主语。
It takes/took/will take sb.some time to do sth.是一固定句型。也可用于It takes/took/will take sb.some money to do sth.。 (2)it作形式主语时，还可构成以下句型： 强调句型：It is+被强调部分+who/that...
It is the first/second time that...某人第几次做某事
It is (high) time that sb.did/should do sth.是某人该做??的时候了 It’s said/reported/thought that...据说/报道/认为?? It’s a pity/a shame/a wonder that...可惜/奇怪的是?? It happens/appears/seems that...恰巧/好像?? It seems/looks as if...看起来好像?? It’s up to sb.to do sth....该某人做某事
hold up ①举起；抬起 ②承受住；支撑 ③维持；保持良好 ④阻挡；使停顿；耽误
The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question.那个学生举手要问老师一个问题。 The chair was too weak to hold him up. 那把椅子承受不住他的重量。 I hope the fine weather will hold up.我希望这么好的天气会持续下去。 提示 hold up 作“阻挡，使停顿，耽误”解时，常用被动语态。
We were held up for five minutes in a traffic jam.我们赶上了交通阻塞，被耽误了5分钟。 hold 相关短语
hold down 压制，抑制；缩减；垂下
The rate of inflation must be held down.通货膨胀率必须控制在低水平上。 Hold it down, will you? I’m trying to sleep!小点声行吗？我要睡觉。 hold back 踌躇；阻止，抑制（感情等）；隐瞒
She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news.她踌躇着，不知如何说出这一可怕的消息。
She just managed to hold back her anger.她勉强压住了自己的怒火。 hold on 等着，停住；坚持住；不挂断；抓住??不放 Hold on, this isn’t the right road. 等一下！这条路不对。
They managed to hold on until help arrived.他们坚持到救援来。
Hold on and don’t let go until I say so. 握紧，等我让你松手时再松开。
hold out 伸出；提供，维持；阻止，制止 They all held out their hands to welcome me.
Such a situation held out for another half a month.
up 相关短语
keep up 继续，坚持
take up 开始从事于，占据，拿起 bring up 抚养，培养
make up 组成，编造，化妆
pick up 拾起，学会，得到，(用车)去接，搭载 put up 搭建起，张贴，投宿 set up 建立，建造 show up 露面，出席 throw up 呕吐
turn up 出现，出席，调高(音量)
12. What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out? 归纳总结
help out意为：帮助??摆脱困境或危难 。 help sb.(to) do sth.帮某人做某事 help (to) do sth.帮忙做某事
cannot help doing sth.禁不住做某事
cannot help but do sth.不能不/不得不做某事 help oneself (to sth.)自用；自取所需（食物等） help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事
with the help of... 在??帮助下=with one’s help
13.It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner...看起来好像每个角落里都有惊喜在等着我??
It seemed...意为“看来......”，其中seem为动词，意为“看起来像??，似乎??，好像??”。
Part 3. Learning about Language Part 4. Using Language
1.I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day. 归纳总结
reflect vt. 映射；反射；vi. & vt.思考
(1)reflect sb./sth.in sth.（指镜子等）映出某人/物的影像 reflect sth.from sth.从某物（表面）反射（光、热、声等） reflect on/upon sth.思考某事
(2)reflection n.反射，反照，反映；映像 be lost in reflection陷入沉思中 即学即用
(1)她坐着，在思考自从他买下这个农场以来发生了多少变化。
She sat reflecting on how much it had changed since he’d bought the farm.
(2)这种材料吸音，而不产生回音。This material absorbs the sound, and doesn’t reflect it.
(3)这一事件给相关人士都造成了恶劣影响。This incident reflects badly on
人教版高中英语选修7Unit3知识点详解
