2019高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习
例题：
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school,and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools.Beside,they often get some useful informations from the internet.When summer came,they will invite their students pick the vegetables！ 通过以上的改错练习我们发现：
短文改错共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误，每处错误只涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加（1-2处） 在缺词处添加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写上该加的词。 删除（1-2处） 把多余的词用斜线划掉。
修改（6-8处） 把错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上要修改的词。 短文改错的考点是：名词，动词，形容词和副词，连词，冠词，代词，介词。
考点一：名词
1.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 2.I have visited the Great Wall for several time.
考点：可数名词与不可数名词的误用
常考的不可数名词：advice,news,progress,weather,homework,air,fun(快乐),furniture(家具),information,work,harm(伤害)，traffic(交通)，trouble(麻烦),joy（令人高兴的事），danger(危险)，baggage（luggage）,equipment(仪器)，luck(运气)，knowledge(知识),scenery(风景，景色) 3.There are branch library in many villages.
考点：可数名词单复数的错用。
如何判断为名词的单数还是复数;(1) 看谓语动词单复数
（2）看名词前的限定词: a/an(可数名词单数)，some, many, various, lots of/a lot of, several及数量词(可数名词复数) （3）根据句意、句型及常识。
4.To my delighted, I pass the exam.
考点：词性的转换。
用n的情况：(1) n and n , (2) (a/an/the)+adj.+n , (3) 介词+n , (4) a/an/the + n,
(5) 形容词性物主代词+n (6) 序数词+n
5.Good health is a person most valuable possession.
考点：名词的格的误用。
（1）根据句意， (2) 注意形式：’s(单数) s’(复数) 相关练习题：
1.Every year many tourist come here to enjoy its beautiful scenery and rich culture. 2.Through the program, we learned to use knowledge gained in class to solve problem.
3. Nowadays with modern life going rapidly, many people suffer from different kind of diseases, both mentally and physically.
4.I’d like to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well.
5.On a rainy day I was walking home with one of my friend, a truck came to a stop beside us. 6.Polite words are one of the example.
7.Of course, it’s strongly prohibited to buy or sell anything made of antelopes fur.
8.She told me that I didn't need to worry about making mistakes because I could find out my shortcomings through my mistake.
9.Of all the book I have read, Chicken soup for the soul is my favorite. 10.Everyone praised Ah Bao for his brave and kindness.
考点二：动词
1.When I was a child, I i hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 2.After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and left.
通过以上，我们发现动词的考查有两种方式：谓语动词和非谓语动词。
（一）谓语动词的考查
1.As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here.
2.Many overpasses have set up, so it has become very convenient for people to travel. 3.My dream school look like a big garden.
考点：谓语动词会考查时态、语态、主谓一致三个方面。 时态：一般现在时 do/does （sometimes, often usually,........）
一般过去式 did (yesterday/ last year....... / ......ago)
一般将来时 will do/ am,is are going to do / am,is are about to do (tomorrow,/ next year......) 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was / were doing
现在完成时 has/have done (lately/recently/so far/ up to now/ until now/in the few years/ since) 过去完成时 had done 过去将来时 would do
判断句子的时态：（1）根据时间状语来决定， （2）上下文的时态， （3）从句中时态体一致， （4）根据句意
语态：主动语态与被动语态的误用（删除be或添加be或改变时态）
被动语态: 一般现在时 am / is /are done 一般过去时 was /were done 一般将来时 will be done 现在进行时 am/ is /are being done 过去进行时 was / were being done 现在完成时 has / have been done 过去完成时 had been done
主谓一致：找准主语和谓语动词，判断两者人称和数是否一致。
(1)主谓不一致 就近原则：there be , or , not only ....but also , neither .....nor ....
就远原则：with , along with, as well as ,rather than 定语从句中的主谓一致： 与先行词保持一致 many a+ n , more than +n ,each ,every 谓语用单数 a number of / the number of
( 2 ) 第三人称单数形式的错用：
看主语是否为第三人称单数；是否为doing 或 to do 作主语： 是否为从句作主语 （3）缺少动词 ，特别是be动词，注意there be 句型 相关练习：
1. My dream school starts at 8:00 am and ends at 3:00 pm. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so much homework. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. 2.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. 3.We must found ways to protect our environment. 4.Tony was scared and begun to cry.
5.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.
6. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around it.
7.My mum makes the best biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help. Mum taught me some basic steps of
baking. I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. 8.Then, it also help to watch TV and read books. 9. If you are me, would you talk to him?
10.Since then --- for all these years --- we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
（二）非谓语动词的考查
考点： 主要考查非谓语动词的判定及形式的选择。
回忆：非谓语动词如何判定
非谓语动词的形式：to do 目的，将来，主动 to be done 将来，被动 doing 进行，主动 being done 进行；被动
done 完成，被动 having done 完成，主动 having been done 完成，被动
具体考点：1.动名词作主语（动词作主语，通常用doing的形式，注意主谓一致） 2. 介词+doing作宾语（常见介词：on,in,at,of,for,about,with,without,after,before等） 3.And 连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（根据语境或语义进行调整） 4.作定语、状语时的主动被动关系（找准逻辑主语）
注意：doing和done之间的转化， having done和having been done之间的转化 5.to do 不定式to的删除与添加（使役动词加不带to的不定式，在被动语态中还原to） 6.固定搭配：
跟to do 形式的词：decide, learn, want, plan, manage, pretend,offer, promise, agree 等
跟doing形式的词：avoid, enjoy, mind, imagine, appreciate, look forward to, insist on , can’t help 等
相关练习：
1.When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learn the violin.
2.He became my first guitar teacher. It took me such a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful models. 3.I won the first prize in the English speech competition hold in our school last year.
4.Dressing in all pink from head to toe, he was singing a song which sounded like a kid’s song. 5.Upon your arrival，there will be a party for you organizing by my classmates.
6.Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. 7.Soon Dad’s friends came to our rescue, restart our car with new batteries. 8.Make a speech used to be a big problem for me.
9.Dropped the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. How dangerous it was! 10.Having been seen the film, everyone was deeply moved.
考点三：形容词和副词
1.I’m very tiring.
考点：注意v-ed 和v-ing形式的形容词的用法，
-ed修饰人，-ing修饰物
2.The global warming has become a very seriously problem. 3.We can hear birds singing happy all round.
考点：词性的误用
用adj.的情况：（1）形容词修饰n (2) be+adj. (3) 感官动词（feel，taste，sound，smell，look）+adj.
(4) 联系动词+adj. （keep，stay，remain,become,turn） (5) adj and adj (6) adv.+adj.
用adv.的情况：（1）adv.修饰v. adj, adv. (2) adv.放在句首或句末
（3）并列adv. （4）adv.单独使用（however，moreover，besides，otherwise......）
1. I learned that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.
考点：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
用比较级的情况：（1） 比较级+than （2）比较级 and比较级
（3）否定式+比较级=最高级 （4）the+比较级+主谓， the+比较级+主谓
用最高级的情况：（1）the+最高级 （2）one of the+最高级 相关练习：
2019高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习
