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2019-2020年中考数学压轴题精选(九)及答案资料

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2019-2020年中考数学压轴题精选(九)及答案资料

81.(08广东茂名25题)(本题满分10分)

如图,在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线y=-

22x+bx+c经3y 过A(0,-4)、B(x1,0)、 C(x2,0)三点,且x2-x1=5. (1)求b、c的值;(4分)

(2)在抛物线上求一点D,使得四边形BDCE是以BC为对 角线的菱形;(3分)

(3)在抛物线上是否存在一点P,使得四边形BPOH是以OB为对角线的菱形?若存在,求出点P的坐标,并判断这个菱形是否为正方形?若不存在,请说明理由.(3分)

解:

(08广东茂名25题解析)解:(1)解法一: ∵抛物线y=-

B C x

O A (第25题图)

22x+bx+c经过点A(0,-4), 322x+bx+c=0的两个根, 3 ∴c=-4 ……1分

又由题意可知,x1、x2是方程-∴x1+x2=

33························································· 2分 b, x1x2=-c=6 ·

222由已知得(x2-x1)=25 又(x2-x∴

1)=(x2+x1)-4x221x2=

92b-24 492b-24=25 414解得b=± ··························································································· 3分

314当b=时,抛物线与x轴的交点在x轴的正半轴上,不合题意,舍去.

3∴b=-

14. ·························································································· 4分 3解法二:∵x1、x2是方程-

22x+bx+c=0的两个根, 32 即方程2x-3bx+12=0的两个根.

∴x=

3b?9b2?96, ································································ 2分

49b2?96∴x2-x1==5,

2 解得 b=±14 ·················································································· 3分 3 (以下与解法一相同.)

(2)∵四边形BDCE是以BC为对角线的菱形,根据菱形的性质,点D必在抛物线的对称轴上,

····································································································· 5分

22142725x-x-4=-(x+)2+ ···························· 6分 33326725 ∴抛物线的顶点(-,)即为所求的点D. ································· 7分

26 又∵y=-

(3)∵四边形BPOH是以OB为对角线的菱形,点B的坐标为(-6,0),

根据菱形的性质,点P必是直线x=-3与

2214x-x-4的交点, ··················································· 8分

332142 ∴当x=-3时,y=-×(-3)-×(-3)-4=4,

33抛物线y=-

∴在抛物线上存在一点P(-3,4),使得四边形BPOH为菱形. ··············· 9分

四边形BPOH不能成为正方形,因为如果四边形BPOH为正方形,点P的坐标只能是(-3,

3),但这一点不在抛物线上. ································································· 10分

82.(08广东肇庆25题)(本小题满分10分)

已知点A(a,y1)、B(2a,y2)、C(3a,y3)都在抛物线y?5x?12x上. (1)求抛物线与x轴的交点坐标; (2)当a=1时,求△ABC的面积;

(3)是否存在含有y1、y2、y3,且与a无关的等式?如果存在,试给出一个,并加以证明;如果不存在,说明理由.

(08广东肇庆25题解析)(本小题满分10分)

解:(1)由5x?12x=0, ··································································· (1分)

2212. ······································································ (2分) 512∴抛物线与x轴的交点坐标为(0,0)、(?,0). ································· (3分)

5得x1?0,x2??(2)当a=1时,得A(1,17)、B(2,44)、C(3,81),·························· (4分)

分别过点A、B、C作x轴的垂线,垂足分别为D、E、F,则有

S?ABC=S梯形ADFC -S梯形ADEB -S梯形BEFC ············································ (5分)

=

(17?81)?2(17?44)?1(44?81)?1-- ······························· (6分)

222=5(个单位面积) ······························································ (7分)

(3)如:y3?3(y2?y1). ······························································· (8分)

2事实上,y3?5?(3a)?12?(3a) =45a2+36a.

3(y2?y1)=3[5×(2a)2+12×2a-(5a2+12a)] =45a2+36a. ·········· (9分) ∴y3?3(y2?y1). ········································································ (10分)

83.(08辽宁沈阳26题)(本题14分)26.如图所示,在平面直角坐标系中,矩形ABOC的边BO在x轴的负半轴上,边OC在y轴的正半轴上,且AB?1,OB?3,矩形ABOC绕点O按顺时针方向旋

转60后得到矩形EFOD.点A的对应点为点E,点B的对应点为点F,点C的对应点为点D,抛物线y?ax?bx?c过点A,E,D. (1)判断点E是否在y轴上,并说明理由; (2)求抛物线的函数表达式;

(3)在x轴的上方是否存在点P,点Q,使以点O,B,P,Q为顶点的平行四边形的面积是矩形ABOC面积的2倍,且点P在抛物线上,若存在,请求出点P,点Q的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.

第26题图 A B F C D O x 2y E (08辽宁沈阳26题解析)解:(1)点E在y轴上 ··········································· 1分 理由如下:

连接AO,如图所示,在Rt△ABO中,

AB?1,BO?3,?AO?2

?sin?AOB?1,??AOB?30 2由题意可知:?AOE?60

??BOE??AOB??AOE?30?60?90

点B在x轴上,?点E在y轴上. ······························································ 3分 (2)过点D作DM?x轴于点M

2019-2020年中考数学压轴题精选(九)及答案资料

2019-2020年中考数学压轴题精选(九)及答案资料81.(08广东茂名25题)(本题满分10分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线y=-22x+bx+c经3y过A(0,-4)、B(x1,0)、C(x2,0)三点,且x2-x1=5.(1)求b、c的值;(4分)(2)在抛物线上求一点D,使得四边形BDCE是以
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