-`
suffer from headaches, sleeplessness, digestive problems and social awkwardness.
Their finding, published in the British magazine New Scientist, challenges assumptions that people find it easier to get over a painful event if they write about it.
“We expected diary keepers to have some benefits , or to be the same ,but they were the worst off ,”says Elaine Duncan of the Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland .”In fact ,you are probably much better off if you don’t write anything at all.”
Elaine Duncan, together with David Sheffield of Staffordshire University, England , studied 94 regular diarists and compared their health with that of 41 non-diarists .the subjects ,all students at Staffordshire University, answered questions about their diary-keeping habits, and filled in a standard health questionnaire .
Statistically, the diarists scored much worse on health measures than the non-diarists. Worst affected of all were those who had written about troubles from the past. “They were susceptible to headaches,” says Duncan .
Although she does not have proof, Duncan speculates that diarists go against the usual trend of forgetting because they continually go over their misfortunes instead of a single, healthful outpouring to get rid of their troubles.
-`
根据上面文章内容，从每题下面的四个选项选出一个最合适的答案，并在答题纸上把所选的编号字母涂黑。
21 According to some psychologists regular diarists usually ___at social gatherings.
A are taking B feel ill at ease C feel at home D are confident
22 it’s a common notion that to write about a painful event may help you to__.
A see it clearly B learn a lesson from it C recover sooner from it D know more about yourself
23 The psychologists’ finding indicates that regular diarists __ than non-diarists.
A are more prone to ill health B are more affected and unnatural C score much worse on tests D have more troubles in life 24 In Elaine Duncan’s opinion, those diarists who had written about their misfortunes were __ to headaches.
A indispensable B acceptable C vulnerable D unavoidable 25 In this passage , the author warns us that ___. A regular diarists may become problem students. B keeping a diary may generate health problem. C diary writing may keep you away from others D your misfortunes may haunt you all your life.
-`
B
If you know something is bad for you, why can’t you just stop it? 70%of smokers say they would like to quit. Drugs and alcohol abusers struggle to give up addictions that hurt their bodies and tear apart families and friendships. And many of us have unhealthy excess weight that we could lose if only we could eat right and exercise more. then why don’t we do it?
Most people know it is very hard to resist a bad habit ----smoking, eating fatty foods, gambling---even if you managed to give it up a long time ago.
Why are bad habits so hard to break ? scientists have been searching for answers. They have studied what happens in our brains as habits form. They have found cues to why bad habits ,once established ,are so difficult to kick. Their explanation is；old habits don’t die. they hibernate.
When habits are formed ,the habitual activity creates neural activity patterns in the region of the brain responsible for habits, addiction and learning.
These neural patterns can be changed. But when a stimulus from the old days returns, the dormant pattern can wake itself up, according to a new study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT).
“It is as though the brain keeps a memory of the habit context. this pattern can be triggered if the right habit cues come back,” said Ann
-`
Greybiel, a professor of neuroscience at MIT.
“this situation is familiar to anyone who is trying to lose weight or to control a well-ingrained habit. Just the signal of piece of chocolate can reset all those good intentions.”
Bad habits may be hard to break, but it can be done. One way is to avoid tempting situations .If you always stop for a donut on your way to work , try a different route. You situation, you can keep fatty foods , cigarettes, alcohol out of your home. If you can’t avoid a tempting situation, you can prepare yourself in advance. Think how you want to handle it and mentally practice what you plan.
根据上面的文章，从每题下面的四个选项中选出最合适的答案，并在答题纸上把所选的编号字母涂黑。
26 In the opening paragraph, the author gets directly to his point by__ A giving information B describing details C raising questions D making suggestions 27 Researchers have found that old habits don’t die. They only___ A become withered B change their nature C fall asleep and rest D disguise themselves 28 the word “dormant” in para.5probably means___
A permanent B invincible C powerful D inactive 29 Once a bad habit is formed,____
A it will never be got rid of B it will be deep-rooted in your brain
-`
C it poses a threat to your health D it becomes a time bomb in your body 30 which question best expresses the main idea of this passage ? A why are bad habits so hard to break? B what are the bad habits most people have? C what harm do bad habits do to people D how can people break their bad habits C
A young woman was riding the subway with her small dog. The dog defected and the other passengers demanded that woman clean it up. When the woman rudely refused, someone took pictures with a mobile phone and posted them on a popular South Korean website. The photos sparked a nation-wide witch-hunt.
Within days, her identity was established and people began requesting information online about her parents and relatives. Humiliated, the woman reportedly quit her university.
This incident stirred a nationwide debate. Some said circulating pictures of the young woman was fine but revealing her personal information was not . Others said woman’s face should have been obscured, while still others said she didn’t deserve any privacy.
Such campaigns can lead to accidental damage :innocent people were mistakenly identified and their reputation hurt.
In the case, the website of one university crashed when it was
2013北京地区大学生入学英语分级试卷（A卷）
