高中英语必修1Unit 4Earthquakes

18. be trapped under the ruins __________ 19. build shelters for survivors __________ 20. be proud of / take pride in__________

II. 完成句子

1. 于教授在演讲之前先理顺了一下自己的思路。

Professor Yu ______ ______ ______ before ______ his speech. 2. 并非所有学生都喜欢上网。

All the students ______ ________ _______ the Internet. 3. 警方援救一男子，使之免遭溺水。

The police _______ a man _______ drowning. 4. 她对她的孩子们的成功感到非常自豪。

She _______ very _______ ________ her children’s success. 5. 老师好像对你做的事很满意。

______ ______ _______ the teacher was satisfied with what you had done. 6. 成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子成了孤儿。

________ _________ families _______ ________and many children were left ________ parents. 7. 战争结束了.

The war was __________ _________ ________. 8. 他们突然大笑起来.

They _______ _______ laughing. 9. 我得到你的信任, 感到十分荣幸.

I _______ highly _________ by your trust. 10. 地震过后, 全城到处都是颓垣断壁.

An earthquake left the whole town ________ ________.

阅读扩充

The ground we walk on seems firm, but deep under the earth and under the sea the rocks change and move. In some parts of the world there are “fire mountains”, which we call volcanoes. From time to time they burst open and throw out fire and burning ash. These volcanoes are very dangerous.

Hong Kong does not have any volcanoes but there are many in Indonesia and Philippines. There is also a famous mountain near Tokyo, Japan, which is a volcano too. Its name is Mount Fuji. For much of the year, it is covered with snow.

One of the most famous volcanoes which erupted（喷发）in recent times was Krakatoa, on an island in Indonesia. The first explosions（爆发）took place on 20th May, 1883, but the big eruption did not come until the 26th and 27th August of that year. The people on the island were used to the explosions by that time, and so they were completely unprepared for this terrible happening. Almost all the people on the island died and the explosion also made huge waves in the sea, which drowned（淹死）many people on the other island nearby. After the eruption was over, people saw that the whole northern part of the island had completely disappeared. Scientists say that 15 cubic（立方）kilometers of rocks and ash were thrown up in the explosion. The noise of the explosion was heard nearly 5,000 kilometers away in the middle of the Indian Ocean, and the city of Jakarta was completely dark for about two and a

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half hours.

1. There are many volcanoes _____. A. everywhere in the world B. under the earth and the sea C. in Hong Kong D. in Indonesia 2. Mount Fuji is famous just because ________. A. it is covered with snow for much of the year B. it is a volcano C. it is near Tokyo D. It is in Japan

3. The people near Krakatoa were unprepared when it had its biggest explosion because people there ____.

A. had never met any explosions of the volcano before

B. were used to the explosions of the volcanoes by that time C. didn’t want to leave their island D. could do nothing but wait

4. People who lived 5,000 kilometers away from Krakatoa could _______. A. see that 15 cubic kilometers of rocks and ashes were thrown up B. hear the noise of explosion C. see the huge waves D. see that Krakatoa was dark

Grammar 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。

定语从句的结构： 先行词__ +_______ +________

先行词是人或物, 在句中充当_____, _____,____,_____等成分用关系代词

I.先行词是人,在从句中作主语和宾语用关系代词_______, _______，_______。 who, whom，that的区别：

1 介词后只能用_______ ，不能用_______ _______。 2 先行词为代词，或逗号后不用_______。

3 主句是特殊疑问句，已经有who，则从句引导词用_______。

II.先行词是事或物, 在从句中作主语、宾语，用关系代词_______, _______。 that, which,的区别:

1. 只用which: ______后, _______后。 2. 只用that：

1先行词是或被指物的不定代词修饰，○常用的不定代词有：______, ______, ______, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ ______, ______,______, ______, ______等

2先行词特指，为the +_____(包括last, next)/ _______/ ______/ _____等修饰时 ○

3先行词有____又有_____ ○

4先行词在从句中作____语 ○

5主句是___或___开头的特殊疑问句。 ○

3. 不用that引导

1在__________定语从句中， ○

2直接在_____后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whom, whose或which，且不能 ○

省略。但当介词放在从句的末尾时，可以用______替代which, ______替代whom，也可以

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省略关系代词。

3当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, people 等时，多用 ○______。

4当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时 ○

5定语从句中，those who相当于意为“凡……的人”，表示的是两者以上的不定数量， ○

who引导的定语从句用复数，不能用that代替。（注意：anybody who, he who中谓语动词用单数。

III. 先行词是事或物, 在从句中只用作定语，表示“…的”, 后加名词, 用关系代词_______。 指物 = the +名词 +_______, 指人= the +名词+_______。

IV. 关系代词whom, which前介词的选择看主句中的习惯搭配或从句中动词的搭配而决定，但从句中含有介词的短语动词一般_____(拆开,不拆开)，介词仍放在动词的后面。 V. 定语从句常犯的问题

1引导词用错. 如：The book which cover is green was lost yesterday.(应改为 ○______)

2语序用错. 如：Is there anything else that can I do for you? (应改为______) ○

3无先行词 如：Is this museum _____ you visited last Saturday? (应该填 ○

________ )

Is this the museum ______ we visited last Saturday? (应该填________ )

4关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数没有和____保持一致，如： ○

Tom is the only one of the boys who _____(like) playing football. (应该填________ )

5引导词代替的成分在从句中又出现。如： ○

Do you know the boy whom / who / that I talked with him just now? (应改为______)

实战演练 定语从句练习

I. 用所给的关系代词which, that, who, whom, whose.完成以下从句： 1. The force __________ causes everything to fall towards the ground is called gravity. 2. A friend __________ helps you in time of need is a friend indeed. 3. He saw a house __________ windows were all broken. 4. Everything __________ can be done today mustn’t be done tomorrow. 5. This is the best hotel __________ I know. 6. The boy with ______ John spoke is my brother.. 7. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of ____________ hadn’t been

cleaned for at least a year. 8. He talked a lot about the teachers and the schools __________ he had visited. 9. The ninth lesson __________ we are learning is the most difficult in Book One. 10. Will you please lend me the very book ______ you bought yesterday?

11. Mount Blanc(勃朗峰), __________ they visited last month, is the highest mountain in

Europe.

12. The house in __________ Lu Xun once lived is a museum now. 13. The house __________ Lu Xun once lived is a museum now. 14. The house __________ Lu Xun once lived in is a museum now.

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15. This is the museum _____ we visited last Saturday.

16. Is this museum the one ______ you visited last Saturday?

17. The boy _______ computer doesn’t work well needs your help. 18. This is the best movie _______ we have seen this year.

19. The passengers and the suitcases _______ were in the waiting room had to wait

for another plane.

20. Who is the girl _______ you want to make friends with?

II. 把下列句子改写成定语从句。（提示：主从句的选择：主句多为：1表状态，2 表结果3 时间较后；从句多为：1 表动作 2 表原因 3时间靠前） 1. I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music. _____________________________________________ 2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress. I gave it to her. _____________________________________________ 3. The student’s article was published. I know the student. _____________________________________________

4. Betty is studying English very well. She has never been abroad. _____________________________________________

5. My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old. _____________________________________________

6. The computer is too slow. I bought the computer four years ago. _____________________________________________

7. The man created the famous university. The man never finished college. _____________________________________________

8. I have ever seen the film and it is the most interesting film. _____________________________________________

9. They talked about the people and the things, and they remembered them in old days.

_____________________________________________ 10. The man laughed at you just now. Who is the man? _____________________________________________

III．单句改错

1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from Class Two. 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.

3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant? 4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths. 5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football. 6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now? 7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before. 8. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick

9. She says she still remembers the things and the persons whom I told him last year. 10. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.

11. This is the factory where we visited last week.

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12. This is the watch for which Tom is looking.

13. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two. 14. The house in that we live is very small.

15. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow. 16. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 17. This is the best film which I have ever seen.

18. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in

the country.

19. Everything which we saw was of great interest.

20. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died. 反馈检测

挑战一下历届高考试题中的定语从句：

1. You can find whatever you need at the shopping center _________ is always busy at the weekend. （ 06上海春季 ） A. that B. where C. what D. which

2. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction __________ she had come. （ 06重庆 ） A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which

3. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. （ 06上海 ） A. where B. when C. which D. what

4. Look out ! Don' t get too close to the house ________ roof is under repair. （06福建） A. whose B. which C. of which D. that

5. Her sister has become a lawyer, ________ she wanted to be. ( 05 湖北 ) A. who B. that C. what D. which

6. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago? ( 2005 北京春季) A. where B. when C. that D. what

7. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. ( 04 江苏 ) A. Which B. When C. What D. As

8. The famous basketball star, _____________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002春季) A. where B. when C. which D. who

9. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____________ was very reasonable. ( S2000)

A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

10. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2001) A.It B. As C. That D. What

11. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. (08湖南卷）

A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that

12. The man pulled out a gold watch, _________ were made of small diamonds. （08陕西

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