M3-Unit-3-Grammar-主谓一致-2013

M3 Unit 3 Grammar(2) —Subject-verb agreement (主谓一致)

一、主谓一致三原则

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。

1、语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。如：

Tom _______ a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。

They often _______ football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2、意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。

My family _______ having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars _______ too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。

3、就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。如： Not only the teacher but also his students _______ playing football.

不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

There_______ a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

二、主谓一致常考题型

1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。 如：

① The desk _______ Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 ② Some water _______ in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。

③ The students _______ playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。如：

Many a student _______ (have) been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。如：

More than one student _______ (have) ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。

4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。如：

① Two months _______ a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 ② Twenty pounds _______ not so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 ③ Five minus four _______ (be) one. 5减4等于1。

5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and (each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。如： ① Each boy and each girl _______ (have) got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 ② Every man and every woman _______ (be) at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

One and a half hours _______ (be) enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如： ① To see _______ to believe. 眼见为实。

② Doing eye exercises _______ good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。

8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。如:

A student or two _______ (have) failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。

9. 当主语中含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like 等连接时，谓语动词就远。如：

① Mike with his father _______ (have) been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。

② Mike, like his brother, _________ playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+ a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。如： ① The writer and teacher _______ (be) coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) ② The writer and the teacher _______ (be) coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

11. people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。如： ① People here _______ (be) very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 ② His family _______ (be) not large. 他家的人不多。

③ My family all _______ watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。

12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：

① _______ (be) everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ ② Something _______ (be) wrong with him. 他有毛病。 ③ Nobody _______ (be) in. 没有人在家。

13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 如：

① Each of them _______ (have) an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 ② Neither answer _______ (be) correct. 两个答案都不正确。

14. 以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等。 如： ① No news _______ (be) good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 ② Maths _______ (be) very popular in our class . 在我们班数学很受欢迎。

15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。 如：

① Both his father and his mother _______ (be) both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。 ② Tom or Jack _______ (be) wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。 ③ Either this one or that one _______ (be) ok. 这一个或那一个都行。

16. a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：

① A number of famous people _______ (be) invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。 ② The number of the students _______ (be) over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。 17. 当kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind, pair, glass等一致。如：

① This pair of shoes _______ (be) Tom’s. 这双鞋是汤姆的。 ② There _______ (be) two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。

18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。 如：

① The poor _______ (be) very happy, but the rich _______ (be) sad. 穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。

② The beautiful _______ (live) forever. 美是永存的。 19. 以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词就近。 如：

① There _______ (be) a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。 ② Here _______ (be) some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。

三、巩固练习

Fill in the blanks:

1. Neither of them ________ going to the cinema. Both of them ______ going to the cinema. 2. All but one _______ here just now. All that I want to say _____ this.

3. A number of students ______ gone for an outing. The number of the students _______ increasing year after year.

4. Some of the oranges ______ turned bad. Some of the milk ______ turned sour.

5. Each student______ got an English-Chinese dictionary. The students each ________ a dictionary. 6. There ______ a pen, an ink-bottle, and some books on it.

7. Either the judge or the lawyers ______ wrong. Either you or he ______ to blame. 8. His family ______ all very well. His family ______ a ‘five-good” one.

9. My blue trousers ______ worn out. One pair of trousers ______ not enough.

10. Our League secretary and monitor _______(take) the lead in everything. Our League secretary and the monitor ______ good friends.

11. The girl as well as his parents _______ a bike. Not only the students but also the professor _______ surprised at Mary’s answer.

12. Who ______ the girl singing in the next room? Who ______ these people over there? 13. Most of the students ______ boys. Most of his money ______ spent on books.

14. The policeman ______ standing at the street corner. The police ______ searching for him. 15. The glasses ______ mine. That pair of classes _______ my brother’s.

16. The news at six o’clock ______ not true. Those pieces of news _______ to be broadcast.

17. Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons ______ taking a walk in the park now. Grandpa Wang, together with his two grandsons, _______ taking a walk in the park now.

18. No one but Jane _______ (know) the secret. Nobody but Mary and I ______ in the classroom at that time.

19. There ______ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _______ something wrong with the machine. 20. He is one of the boys who ______ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who ______ never late for school. Multiple Choices：

1. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret. A. knows B. know C. have known D. is known 2. Three- fourths of the surface of the earth ______ sea. A. is B. are C. were D. has been 3. All but one _____ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were

4. His Selected Poems ______ first published in 1965.

A. were B. was C. has been D. is 5. When and where to build the factory ______ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 6. A fork and knife _____ on the table. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 7. Where ______ dirt, there are flies. A. there has B. is C. there is D. there are 8. Each soldier and sailor ______ a rifle. A. are given B. was given C. being given D. were given 9. My clothes _____ made to order. A. is B. are C. has D. have 10. The old _____ taken good care of in our country. A. is B. has C. are D. have 11. More than one person _______ made the suggestion. A. was B. has C. where D. have 12. Half of the students ______ made the same mistake. A. has B. have C. is D. are 13. This is one of the best films that _______ this year. A. is appearing B. appear C. has appeared D. have appeared 14. Something ______ gone wrong with my TV set. A. has B. have C. is D. are 15. ______ good exercise.

A. Climbing hills is B. Climbing the hill is C. The climbing hills are D. The climbing of hills are 16. Either Tom or I ______ to blame. A. to be B. am C. are D. is 17. A new type of car ______ now on show. A. is B. are C. has D. have 18. The first two questions were easy, but the rest of them _______ not. A. was B. were C. being D. to be 19. Twenty dollars ______ enough for the coat. A. is B. are C. has D. have 20. Five minus three _____ two. A. is B. are C. was D. were 21.All but one _____ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 22. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 23. A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. have offered C. are offered D. has offered 24. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.