2019年高考英语一轮总复习第一部分重点全程攻略Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars限时规范特训新人教版
Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)
[xx·复旦附中高三检测]Space exploration has always been the provinceW1 of dreamers: The human imagination readily soars while human ingenuity (创造力) struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.
In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, deliveredW2 by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up at odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.
When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically promisedW3 space shuttle program has just e to an endP1, with no successor. The perpetual argument is that funds are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury—as if saving one-thousandth of a single year's budget would solve our problems.
But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, panies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within reach of rich civiliansW4 in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.
The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us-not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-off technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed_off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed toP2 the idea that humans can transcend what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the creditW5. The more evidence we collect that our species is capable of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.
篇章导读:本文是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直都是梦想家的领域,它激发了人
类的想象力和创造力。
1.The author mentions Cyrano de Bergerac in order to show that________. A.imagination is the mother of invention
B.ingenuity is essential for science fiction writers C.it takes patience for humans to realize their dreams D.dreamers have always been interested in science fiction
答案:A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句中的“The human imagination readily soars while human ingenuity (创造力) struggles to follow.”可知,人类想象力汹涌澎湃,而人类的创造力也苦苦地紧追不舍,也就是“想象是创造之母”。故选A。
2.How did the general public view Kennedy's space exploration plan? A.It symbolized the American dream. B.It was as urgent as racial equality. C.It sounded very much like a dream. D.It made an ancient dream e true.
答案:C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality.”可知,1961年肯尼迪总统宣布美国将到20世纪60年代末把人类送到月球上,那样的话语同样也像是做梦一般。故选C。
3.What does the author say about America's aim to explore space? A.It may not bring about immediate economic gains. B.It cannot be realized without technological innovation.
C.It will not help the realization of racial and economic equality. D.It cannot be achieved without a good knowledge of the other worlds. 答案:A 推理判断题。根据第二段最后三句“The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.”可知,为种族和经济平等的斗争非常讲求实用,能够产生立竿见影的效果,而探索太空不可能产生立竿见影的经济效果。故选A。
4.Which of the following is the closest to the underlined phrase “feed off” in the last paragraph?
A.support C.weaken
B.contradict D.substitute for
答案:A 词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句“The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us—not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-off technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other.”可知,太空梦想家们的努力终将造福我们所有人,其原因不仅在于他们拓展人类知识的方式,或者他们研发出来的衍生技术,而是因为两种类型的梦想可以相互扶持。可知feed off是“support”的意思。故选A。
5.What is the author's attitude toward space programs?
A.Critical. C.Unbiased.
B.Reserved. D.Supportive.
答案:D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us”可知,作者是支持梦想家们的,也是支持美国的太空探索项目的。故选D。
W重点单词
1.province n. 领域;省份 2.deliver vt. 发表;递送;交付 3.promise vt. 让步;放弃 n. 折中,妥协 4.civilian n. 平民;老百姓 5.credit n. 荣誉;信用 P重点短语
1.e to an end 结束 2.appeal to 呼吁;上诉;要求
B
[xx·成都毕业班诊断]NASA's New Horizons probe (宇宙探测器) flew by Pluto (冥王星) this morning, sending back history's first up-close looks at the vast freezing-cold world. Closest approach came at 7:49 a.m. EDT. To celebrate, NASA gave
outP1 the latest photo of Pluto. It showed a reddish world with an amazing heart
-shaped feature on its surface.
After today's close encounterW1, all the nine solar system's traditionally recognized planets have now been visited by a spaceship—a huge project begun in 1962 when NASA's Mariner 2 probe flew past Venus, a planet in the solar system. More than 1,200 scientists, NASA guests and important persons, including 200 reporters, watched the flyby live at New Horizons' missionW2 control center.
That close encounter has been a long time ing. The $723 million New Horizons mission launchedW3 in January xx but began taking shape in 1989. “New Horizons is ‘a capstone mission’,” Glen Fountain, mission project manager told Space. . “It is the first pletion of the observationsW4 of our solar system. It is giving us a new idea about how we human beings fit into the universe.”
“New Horizons faced a crazy number of challenges,” Stern, a driving force behind New Horizons said, “So many people stuck with this for so long. They got knocked down; they stood up. They got knocked down again; they stood up again.”
In a coincidence, today's close approach falls on the 50th anniversaryW5 of the first flyby of Mars, another planet, which was pleted by NASA-s Mariner 4 spaceship.
There are no longer nine officially recognized planets, of course. The International Astronomical Union regarded Pluto asP2 “a dwarf planet” in xx in a decision that remains controversial (有争议的) today.