高考英语一轮复习专题三
Noun Clauses(名词性从句)
定义:在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词,根据它在句中不同的语法功能,可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
请你找出以下名词性从句并说出它们的成分:
(1) Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.(主语从句)
(2) The fact isthat I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand.(表语从句)
(3) I didn’t know whether I could survive until morning.(宾语从句)
(4) The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.(同位语从句)
名词性从句的常用连接词
1. 连接词 :that(无意义)、 if,whether(是否) 、as if/though(好像、似乎)、because(因为)等 (不作成分)
2. 连接代词 :who、 whom 、 whoever 、 whose、 what、 whatever 、which、whichever (作主/宾/表/定)
3. 连接副词: when、 where、why、how (作状语)
一、主语从句
1. 引导主语从句的连接词有三类: (1) 连词that,whether:
Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. 我们坐火车或者坐船去没有差异。 Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否来这儿还不清楚。 That price will go up is certain. 价格将上涨是肯定的。
(2) 连接代词
who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等 What she did is not yet known.
她干了什么尚不清楚。
Who will attend the meeting has not been decided yet. 谁去参加会议还没有确定。 Whatever he did is right. 他所做的一切都是对的。
(3) 连接副词 where, when, how, why等。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 谁也不清楚这事是怎样发生的。
When he will be back depends on the weather. 他什么时候回来取决于天气。
How the pyramids were built is still a mystery. 金字塔是怎样建成的仍然是个谜。
2. 主语从句后置
为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。 例:
(1) That we shall be late is certain. — It’s certain that we shall be late. (2) That the earth is round is known to all.
— It’s known to all that the earth is round. (3) That you missed the chance is a pity.