The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others. Some like football, while others like basketball. 5. all和both, neither和either
all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.
All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.
Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.
四．形容词和副词 I.
形容词：
1. 形容词的位置：
1) 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置： 1 2 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成nobody absent, everything possible 的复合不定代词时 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible the only person awake a bridge 50 meters long a huge room simple and beautiful a man difficult to get on with 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 5 成对的形容词可以后置 6 形容词短语一般后置 2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序： 代词 冠词前的形容词 数词 性状形容词 冠词 指示代词 序数不定代词 词 代词所有格 基数词 性质 状态 大小 长短 形状 新旧 温度 颜色 国籍 产地 材料 质地 名词 all both such the a second one this next four another your beautiful large good short poor square new black Chinese silk cool yellow London stone 3) 复合形容词的构成：
1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 6 名词+形容词 7 名词+现在分词 8 名词+过去分词 9 数词+名词+ed 10 数词+名词 world-famous peace-loving snow-covered three-egged twenty-year 3 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 4 副词+现在分词 5 副词+过去分词 II. 副词
副词的分类： 1 2 3 4 时间副词 地点副词 方式副词 程度副词 hard-working newly-built soon, now, early, finally, once, always, often, frequently, seldom, 5 频度副词 recently never here, nearby, outside, upwards, above hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why 7 连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 8 关系副词 when, where, why III. 形容词和副词比较等级：
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。
1. 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are. 2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。
3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.
4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day. 5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：
Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.
6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。
五．介词 I.
介词分类： 1 简单介词 2 合成介词 3 短语介词 4 双重介词
about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between
5 6 分词转化成的介词 形容词转化成的介词 considering(就而论), including like, unlike, near, next, opposite II. 常用介词区别： 1 表示时间的in, on, at 2 表示时间的since, from 3 表示时间的in, after 4 at表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关 since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始 in指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中 表示地理位置的in, on, in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外 to 5 表示“在…上”的on, in on只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分 6 7 8 表示“穿过”的through, across 表示“关于”的about, on between与among的区别 through表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关 about指涉及到，on指专门论述 between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间 besides指“除了…还有再加上”，except指“除了，减去什么”，不放在句首 with表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音 as意为“作为，以…地位或身份”，like为“象…一样”，指情形相似 in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置 9 besides与except的区别 10 表示“用”的in, with 11 as与like的区别 12 in与into区别
六．动词 I.
动词的时态：
1. 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： 一般 进行
现在时 ask / asks 过去时 asked 将来时 shall/will ask 过去将来时 should/would ask should/would be asking am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking
完成 完成进行 have/has asked have/has been asking had asked had been asking shall/will have asked should/would have asked shall/will have been should/would have been asking asking 2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：
I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)
2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如： I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住) I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关） 3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：
两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have read that book.我读过那本书了。
I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。 4. 一般将来时的表达方式： 1 将来时 will/shall+动词原形 用法 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 例句 My sister will be ten next year. It’s going to clear up. be going to+动词原含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，2 We’re going to have a party 形 或表示很有可能要发生某事 tonight. be + doing 进行时3 表示将来 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等He is moving to the south. 词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的Are they leaving for Europe? 动作 I was about to leave when the 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的bell rang. 动作，后面一般不跟时间状语 The meeting is about to close. 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见 We’re to meet at the school gate at noon. be about to + 动词4 原形 5 be to + 动词原形 The meeting starts at five 一般现在时表示将时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事o’clock. 6 来 情，可用一般现在时表示将来 The plane leaves at ten this evening. II. 动词的被动语态：
常用被动语态 构成 6 7 8 9 10 常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 4 过去将来时 should/would be asked 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 过去进行时 was/were being asked 现在完成时 have/has been asked 过去完成时 had been asked 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如： Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如： It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… 注 It is supposed that… 意 It is reported that… 事 It must be admitted that… 项 It is hoped that… 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如： The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态： leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等
七．情态动词 I.
情态动词基本用法： 情态动词
用法 否定式 疑问式与简答
(完整版)初中英语语法大全精华版
