2008年专业英语专业知识真题
(考试时间120分钟，满分150）
答题说明：(1)选择题部分的答案请再答题卡上相应的子母中间划横线，如【A】 (2)主观题的答案写在答题纸上相应的位置。 注意事项：答案写在试卷上一律不给分。
I. Writing (100 points)
Section A Letter-writing (30 points)
Write on ANSER SHEET a thank-you ]otter of about 60-80 words based on the following situation: You went to Beijing for a tour this Spring Festival. One of your friends helped you a lot during the trip. Write a thank-you letter to him. You DON'T need to write the heading and inside address. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Section B Composition (70 points)
It is said that divorce rate keeps going up now, Some people believe divorce is the only means to
solve the family crisis. What is your opinion?
Write on ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 150 words on the following topic: Marriage and Divorce
You are supposed to write in three parts. In the first part, state your point of view.
In the second part, give one or two reasons to support your point of view. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.
II. Translation (50 points)
Section C Translate these sentences into English (20 points, 4 for each) 1，我们想心平气和，通情达理地通过直接谈判解决问题。
2，对不同文化价值观少了解或不了解时，就会产生跨文化交际的困难。 3，不要把钱看得太重，否则你有可能做出有失身份的事。 4，他们听到那起野蛮的绑架消息后感到毛骨悚然。
5，假如我们能正视，承受，并接受失败的话，失败有助于个人的成长，还增进人际关系。 Section D Translate these sentences into Chinese (30 poin~,6foreach)
1. Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients--to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death?
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2. The relationship of the individual to his culture is analogous to an actor and his director. The actor puts his own acting but is nevertheless influenced by the director.
3. Our flesh may perish, our hands will wither, but that which they create in beauty and goodness and truth lives on for all time to come.
4. In the face of the tensions and pressures we all face every single day, a sense of humor can be a saving grace. The ability to laugh is crucial to our fullest development, to our \
5. Failure is a better teacher than success since success always encourages repetition of old behavior whereas failure can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction.
第二部分 阅读
I. Vocabulary (10 points, I for each)
Directions: Read each of the following sentences carefully, and choose A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences. I. It is A. absurd
to believe that the number 8 brings fortune or good luck. B. adhere
C. accumulation
D. accord
2. Although most dreams apparently happen ___, dream activity may be provoked by external influences. A. spontaneously 3. By dollars. A. coarse
B. rude
C. crude nonsense.
D. sheet D. rough
B. simultaneously
C. homogeneously
D. instantaneously
computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand
4. Your story about the frog turning into a prince is A. sheer
B. shear
C. shield
5. You could paint the walls and ceilings the same color so they together. A. bleach
B. blush
C. blend
D. blot
6. Reading the mind only with material of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours. A. rectifies
B. prolongs
C. minimizes
D. furnishes
7. Mr. Berry, the author of the play, said that the resemblance of the hero to an actual person was a pure B. combat
C. coincidence
D. conceit
A. comedy
8. Though her parents her musical ability, Jerry' s piano playing is really terrible. 第2页(共15页)
A. pour scorn on B. heap praise upon C. give vent to D. cast light upon
9. The president argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy's flaws. A. underlining
B. vulnerable
C. vulgar
D. underlying
10. This kind of material can A. delete
heat and moisture. C. constrain
D. repel
B. compel
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (120 point, 3for each)
Directions: In this section there are six passages followed by questions or unfinished statement, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C or D Choose the one that you think is the correct answer. Passage 1
The universities from which our own are descended were founded in the Middle Ages. They were established either by corporations of students wanting to learn, as in Italy, or by teachers wanting to teach as in France. Corporations that had special or customary privileges for the purpose of carrying out the intentions of the incorporators were common in those days. The university corporations of the Middle Ages at the height of their power were not responsible to anybody, in the sense that they could not be brought to book by any authority. They claimed, and made good their claim, complete independence of all secular and religious control The American university was, however, at first a corporation formed by a religious denomination or by the state for the purposes of the denomination or the state.
The American university in the seventeenth century was much closer to the American university today than to the medieval university. The Puritan communities needed ministers and professional men and so established universities to provide them. Later, religious groups built universities in order to extend their own influence. For example, the University of Chicago was founded by devout Baptists to combat the rising tide of Methodism in the Middle West. The president and trustees of the university were required to have the proper religious affiliations in order to keep the university on the right path. Fortunately, the combination of John D. Rockefeller, William Rainey Harper, and the enlightened wing of the Baptist Church preserved the university from too narrow an interpretation of its purpose. 11. what does the passage mainly discussed? A. The importance of the universities. B. The universities of the Middle Ages. C. Different purposes of founding universities. D. Americans universities of the eighteenth century.
12. in the passage, the phrase \ (Para. 1) most probably means 第3页(共15页)
A. asked to teach certain books. B. wanted to order certain books.
C. required to explain certain books. D. required to explain their actions.
13. Which of the following best describes the basic motive for founding a university in a Puritan community?
A. To propagandize the religious ideas of the Puritans. B. To make students study their religion. C. To convert more people.
D. To provide necessary personnel for the Puritan communities. 14. It is implied that the University of Chicago A. underwent a period of liberalization
B. succeeded in fighting the influence of Methodists C. made true of the \ purpose D. was finally taken over by John D. Rockefeller
15. All of the following statements are true in the passage EXCEPT A. John D. Rockefeller helped to set up the University of Chicago. B. The University corporations of the Middle Ages were independent
C. The American university today was similar to the university of the seventeenth century D. The French universities were founded by groups of professors. Passage 2
Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.
However, man' s changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.
The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae (水藻), fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
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Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.
16. Man has changed his physical environment with a view to A. altering the physical features of the earth B. bettering his way of life
C. improving his surroundings D. modifying the face of the planet
17. According to the passage, pollution of the air and water is caused by A. thousands of tons of gases coming out of the exhausts of motor vehicles B. the changes of the environment that technology has brought to man C. the increasing amount of oil that has been produced D. industrial wastes discharged into rivers
18. The ecological balance of the sea is lost when A. people consume more fish than they used to B. the ecological balance of the river is lost C. large numbers of algae, fish and birds are killed D. the production of marine petroleum is increased
19. Who would most probably disagree with conservationists? A. Industrialists.
B. Ecologists.
C. Businessmen.
D. Environmentalists
20. The purpose of the writer is A. to reduce modern technology B. to improve man' s way of life
C. to warn people not to change the natural environment D. to call attention to the protection of the natural environment Passage 3
People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy--one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table, and a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment. Of course, the truth is not so simple this century. The work of cognitive psychologists has
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illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped--or, as the case might be, bumped into-concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils, on a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers--the idea of a oneness, twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table--is itself far more innate. 21. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. trends in teaching mathematics to children. B. The use of mathematics in child psychology. C. The development of mathematical ability in children.
D. The fundamental concepts of mathematics that children must learn.
22. It can be inferred from the passage that children normally learn simple counting A. soon after they learn to talk B. by looking at the clock
C. when they begin to be mathematically mature D. after they reach school grade in school
23. According to the passage, when small children were asked to count a pile of red and blue pencils, they __ A. counted the number of pencils of each other B. counted the total number of \\pencils C. counted only the pencils of their favorite color
D. subtracted the number of red pencils from the number blue pencils. 24. The word \A. the total
B. the concept of abstract number
C. any class of objects D. setting a table
D. technique
25. The word \A. reason Passage 4
B. theory
C. requirement
More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s,
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the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.
What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wife' s previous marriage, or the husband' s, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses (配偶).
Thus, one can find the very type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with \children from the present marriage and \ children from former marriages. There are stepfathers, stepmothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married. 26. By calling Americans marrying people the author means that A. Americans are more traditional than Europeans B. Americans expect more out of marriage than Europeans C. there are more married couples in U.S.A than in Europe
D. more of Americans, as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age 27. Divorced Americans A. will most likely remarry B. prefer the way they live C. have lost faith in marriage
D. are the vast majority of people in the society
28. Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today's American families? A. A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife, B. Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable. C. Americans prefer to have more kids than before. D. There are no nuclear families any more. 29. \
A. spend some of their time with their half-brothers and some of their time with their half-sisters
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B. spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriage C. are shared between the two former spouses D. cannot stay with \
30. Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, A. the functions of marriage remain unchanged B. most Americans prefer a second marriage
C. the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage D. All of the above Passage 5
Students who score high in achievement needs tend to make higher grades in college than those who score low. When degree aptitude for college work, as indicated by College Entrance Examination Board Tests, is held constant, engineering students who score high in achievement needs tend to make higher grades in college than the aptitude test scores would indicate.
We can define this need as the habitual desire to do useful work well. It is a noticeable influence characteristic of those who need little supervision. Their desire for accomplishment is a stronger motivation than any stimulation the supervisor can provide. Individuals who function in terms of this drive do not try to deceive others in regard to a job that they fail to do well.
Some employees have a strong drive for success in their work: others are satisfied when they make a living. Those who want to feel that they are successful have high aspiration for themselves. Thoughts concerning the achievement drive are often prominent in the evaluations made by the typical employment interviewer who interviews college seniors for executive training. He wants to find out whether the senior has a strong drive to get ahead or merely to hold a job. Research indicates that some who get ahead have an even stronger drive to avoid failure.
31. It can be inferred from the passage that individuals with a strong drive to succeed A. accept responsibility for themselves B. blame others if they fail
C. are motivated by stimulation a supervisor D. pretended they haven' t failed when they have
32. Employees who are successful in their work are A. self-satisfied
B. high-minded
C. ambitious
D. self-important
33. What quality do employment interviewers look for in college seniors for executive training? A. Ability to hold down a job.
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B. High achievement needs. C. Capacity to work hard. D. Constant aptitude for work. 34. What motivates some seniors to succeed? A. They are afraid of failing. B. They like living well.
C. They want to become executives. D. They wish to do research work.
35. Which is the main subject of this passage? A. Students' grades in college. B. Individual motivation for work.
C. The achievement needs of engineering students. D. Successful interview techniques. Passage 6 Short Answer Questions
Directfons: In this part there Js a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements Zn the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury: they must work to survive. Others face a hard decision.
Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics. One husband said \careful consideration that for her to back to work at this moment was an extravagance (奢侈) we couldn't afford.\ it soon became clear in their figuring that with baby-sitters (临时照看小孩的人), transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less.
Economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are not the most important. The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family. It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.
There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprisoned (被囚禁) if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.
From my own experience, I would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go back to work is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now regret more. I wasn't mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. I regret my impatience to get on with my career. I wish I had
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allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girl' s eyes.
Questions\注意答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格.)
36. Which word in the first two paragraphs best explains why many women have to work?
. 37. Why did Marge and her husband think it an extravagance for Marge to go back to work?
. 38. What are the two major considerations in deciding whether women should go out to work? . 39. Some women would rather do housework and take care of their children than pursue a career because they feet . . 40. If given a second chance, the writer would probably choose to .
.
III Skimming and Scanning (20 points, 2 for each)
Directions. In this section there are seven passages with a total of ten multiple choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your answer sheet. Passage 7
First read the following question. 41. This is a letter of A. inquiry
. B. complaint
C. explanation
D introduction
Now, go through Passage 7 quickly and answer question 41.
Flat 24 Park Mansions Newbury Road The Manager
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Reliable Motors Ltd.
876 Meadow Street 14th May 2002 Dear Sir,
I am writing to you concerning the Bernster Special 150 SE that I bought from you two weeks ago. The car has now developed the following faults:
1. The steering wheel is loose. 2. The hand brake does not work. 3. oil is leaking from the engine. 4. The driver' s door does not close properly.
Will you please telephone me and we can arrange for you to collect the car? Unless you can put the car in perfect working order, 1 am afraid I shall report your company to the Consumers' Association.
Yours faithfully, Tony Lockwood Passage 8
First read the following question. 42. The passage is mainly about A. Christmas sales
B. retailing business
C. Internet population
D. online shopping
Now go through Passage 8 quickly and answer question 42.
Online shopping (网上购物) has become a major force in retailing this year with more than US$1 billion in Christmas season sales, industry analysts say. The figure for the holiday tops the total for Internet shopping in all of 1996. Online shopping for the holiday season remained just a drop in the ocean of the estimated US$450 billion spent by US consumers. But the figure is growing rapidly. International Data Corporation, a market research group, predicts the World Wide Web (万维网) population will reach almost I00 million by 1998 and that online commerce will grow to more than US$20 billion. Passage 9
First read the following question. 43. The passage discusses the aim of A. the organization
B. blood centers in the USA
C. FDA new rules D. AIDS prevention
Now go through Passage 9 quick and answer question 43.
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking steps to protect the country' s blood supply. People give blood to the centers, where it is kept until it is needed for medical purposes.
The FDA has provided new rules for the blood centers. The government agency says new rules are designed to improve the blood supply system.
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The new rules call for blood centers to develop more ways to make sure their work is done correctly. These rules are another way to help keep the blood supply pure. A leading concern is that someone with AIDS virus might give blood to a blood centre. For this reason, there are tests to find out if blood contains viruses that cause AIDS and other diseases. Passage I0
First read the following question.
44. The passage advertises overseas A. jobs
B. studies
C. travel
D. aid
Now go through Passage 10 quickly and answer question 4~
NEW I-IORIZONS
Are you looking for something interesting to do? Then why not work abroad for a year or two? We have jobs in most parts of the world - including Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia. We have jobs for teachers, doctors, nurses, engineers, ear mechanics and many others.
Why not see the world? We cannot offer you very much money, but the work is interesting. You can learn another language and work with people, too.
For more information write to us at: NEW HORIZONS JOB CENTER' 110 Spring Gardens, London SW ! 7BC
Please send your personal information (date of birth, educational qualifications, interests, experiences, etc.) Passage 11
First read the following questions.
45. Which number would you dial for home nursing? A. 0734 442456
B. 0734 442675
C. 08675 559478
D. 08675 564499
46. Blood donors are advised to contact A. Berkshire county office C. John Radcliffe Hospital
B. St. John Ambulance D. Royal Berkshire Hospital
Now go through Passage 17 quickly and answer questions 45 and 4~
HEALTH
AMBULANCE SERVICE In All Emergencies Dial 999
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St John Ambulance:
Berkshire County Office - ST John Centre Church Rd, Woodley. Reading, RG5 4QN. 0734 442456.
For details of first aid at work unit contact 0734 442675.
Oxfordshire - St. John House High St, Kidlington, Oxford. OX5 2DR 08675 559478: Association; 08675 564499 Brigade, ambulance, home nursing, loan of medical equipment and first aid at work unit.
BLOOD DONORS For information contact
Oxford Regional Blood Transfusion Service: John Radcliffe Hospital Headley Way, Heading ton, Oxford, OX3 9DU 0865 642831
HOSPITALS
Royal Berkshire Hospital: London Rd. Reading, RGI SAN. 0734 875111. (Accident and emergency patients to South Wing). Passage 12
First read the following questions.
47. If you leave for Hong Kong on March 16th, you pay A. $799
B. $849
C. $829
D. $969
48. What is NOT included in the price? A. Local dept tax.
B. Return flights.
C. Transfers.
D. Accommodation.
Non go through Passage 12 quickly and answer questions 47 and 48.
SPECIAL OFFER
from 1799 HON6 KONG
Enjoy 5 nights in Hong Kong from $799
New World Harbor View: Superior lst class hotel in good location on Hong Kong Island. Superb swimming pool, tennis courts, restaurants, bars. Rooms with harbor view and
Air conditioning, tea/coffee making facilities, minibar. TV, bath and shower.
Departure dates: 02, I0 Mar 09, 16 Mar 17 Mar
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Price: $799 $849 $829
15 Apr $969
27 Apr, 04, 18 May $999
The price includes: Return flights. 5 nts accom (no meals). Transfers. Prices are per person sharing a twin room.
Not included: UK dept tax. Local dept tax. Optional insurance: $30. To book, telephone: (open daily inc Sat/Sun)
Tel: 01306 774300 Fax: 01306 740328 Passage 13
First read the following questions.
49. The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool because it A. was one of the first tools. B. developed human capabilities. C. led to the invention of machines.
D. was crucial to the development of mankind.
50. At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in future is A. disastrous.
C. exciting.
B. unpredictable.
D. colorful.
Now, go through Passage 13 quick])\
Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood. Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat-eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily.
Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to the success of mankind.
Since 1960 a new kind of tool has appeared. This is the silicon chip -- a little chip of silicon crystal (硅晶体). It is smaller than a finger-nail, but it can store more than a million 'bits' of information. It is an electronic brain.
Every year these chips get cleverer, but their size gets smaller, and their cost gets less. They are
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used in watches, calculators and intelligent machines that we can use in many ways.
In the future we will not need to work with tools in the old way. Machines ~ill do everything for us. They will even talk and play games with us. People will have plenty of spare time. But what will they do with it?
Human beings used stone chips for more than two million years, but human life changed very little in that time. We have used silicon chips for only a few years, but life is changing faster every day. What will life be like twenty years from now? What will the world be like two million years from now?
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四川专升本综合英语阅读写作翻译训练题一
