v1.0 可编辑可修改 语法专项六—连词
一、连词的定义：连词是连接字、短语、从句与句子的词，是虚词，因此它不能独立担任句子成分。
二、连词的分类：连词主要分为两大类——并列连词和从属连词。
三、并列连词：并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。
它包括：and，or，but，so，for，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also， as well as. (1)表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor, as well as (2)表选择关系的or, either…or (3)表转折关系的but (4)表因果关系的for, so
1、 and：和，并且
（1）表示“和”、“而且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，短语与短语，句子与句子。
Eg: He got up and put on his hat. Eg: I went to the Summer Palace and he went to Bei Hai Park.
（2）单词或词组如果是三个以上连接，一般在最后的单词或词组前加and。另外“and”在译成中文时不一定要翻译出“和”
Eg: Mary visited Beijing , Shanghai and Hong Kong.
（3）and用于祈使句中，句型：祈使句，and…=If you…， you'll…
Eg: Use your head，and you'll find a way.=If you use your head，you'll find a way. Eg: Hurry up，and you'll catch the bus.=If you hurry up，you'll catch the bus.
2、or：或，或者，否则
（1）or表示“或”的意思，用于两者之中选择一个。 Eg: Would you like coffee or tea
（2）注意“A or B”作主语时，谓语动词随or后面的词（B）而定。
Eg: Tom or I am right. Eg: Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room. 11111
v1.0 可编辑可修改 （3）用于祈使句中，句型：祈使句， or…=If you don't…， you'll…译成“请…，否则…”， 有转折的意思。
Eg: Hurry up，or you'll miss the bus.=If you don't hurry up，you'll miss the bus.
Eg: Study hard，or you'll fail in the exam.=If you don't study hard，you'll fail in the exam.
3、but：但是，可是，而
（1）但是，而，可是。表示转折关系。
Eg: He is old，but he looks very young. （but 后面省略了主语Li Li，因为与前面的主语成分相同） Eg: Mary likes violin， but Tom doesn't. （doesn't后面省略了like violin，因为与前面的成分相同）
（2）在英文中，but和although不能在一起使用。
Eg: Although it was raining hard , but they went on working. (错)
Eg: It was raining hard ,but they went on working.(对) Eg: Although it was raining hard, they went on working.(对)
4、 so， for
（1）so：所以，因此，于是
Eg: My teacher asked me to go，so I went.
（2）so除了作连词外，也可以作副词。
Eg: I hope you can pass the exam. I hope so. Eg: Don't walk so fast.
（3）for：因为
Eg: I soon went to sleep， for I was tired. Eg：The sun has risen，for the birds are singing.
5、both…and：和，既……也……（两者都）
（1）both…and…构成的词组作为主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Eg: Both Li Ming and Li Li are good students.
（2）both…and的否定句表示部分否定。 22222
v1.0 可编辑可修改 Eg:He can't play both the violin and the piano.（不全会）
Eg: Both Li Ming and Li Li are not good students.（其中一个是好学生）
6、either…or和neither…nor
（1）either…or：或……或……；不是……就是……
1）either…or…构成的词组作为主语时，谓语动词随其邻近的词，即or后面的词而定。（就近原则） Eg: Either you or he is right. Eg：Either my sister or my mother comes. 2）either···or的否定句是全否定。
Eg: Either you or he isn't right. 你和他都不对
Eg: I don't want to visit either Tianjing or Shanghai.天津和上海我都不想参观。
（2）neither…nor：既不……也不……
1）构成的词组做主语时，谓语动词的用法和either…or的用法一样，由nor后面的词而定。 （就近原则）
Eg: Neither you nor I am right. Eg： Neither you nor he was selected for the job. 2）neither···nor 是全否定，因此不能再用否定式，即不能再加not。 Eg:（×）Neither You nor I am not right.
7、not only… but also：不但……而且
not only…but also构成的词组担任主语时，谓语动词随 but also后面的部分而定。（就近原则） Eg: Not only you but also your father is coming.
Eg: Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
8、as well as : 又、不但···而且
（1）as well as 构成的词组担任主语时，谓语动词随前面的词而定。（就远原则） eg: Jim as well as his parents joins in the party.
（2）该句型可以和“not only…but also”互换，not only A …but also B = B as well as A ，前者强调的是B, 在not only之后，后者强调的也是B，在as well as之前。翻译时，要先翻译as well as 后面的词。 33333
v1.0 可编辑可修改 Eg: The child is not only healthy but also lively = The child is lively as well as healthy. 这孩子既健康又活泼。
四、从属连词：从属连词用来引导从句，它包括： that， when，while , as, till， until， after， before， since，because，if， though，although，so…that，as soon as 常见的从属连词有： 1、 that：
（1）that引导名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句）和定语从句，
Eg: I think（that） he likes football.
（2）如果主句的动词是 think， believe…；如果主句的主语是第一人称，变为否定句时，要否定主句，译成中文时，则否定从句。（否定前移）
Eg: I believe you will leave here. Eg： I don't believe you will leave here.
2、 when，while，before, after , as soon as ，till, until , since…
when， while， till， until， since， after， before， as soon as等是连接时间状语从句的连词。当主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。
（1）注意while所引导的从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的，不能用点动词。（如begin，stop…）
Eg： While I read, she sang. Eg: I entered the room while（when） Li Ming was talking with her.
（2）since引导的是一个过去时的句子，说明自当时以来到现在（自从两年前以来），主句一般要用现在完成时。 Eg: I have learned more than two thousand English words since I began learning English two years ago.
（3）till和until若主句的动词是终止性动词，则要用否定式。
Eg: I didn't go to sleep until（till）I finished my homework. Eg: We won't work until（till） our teacher teaches us how to do it. Eg: He stayed there till / until his mother came back. （4）Eg: When he arrives there, he will call you.
Eg: He came to China after the war was over.= The war was over before he came to China. 44444
Eg: As soon as I get the present, I’ll tell you.
3、because：因为，连接原因状语从句
（1）回答Why问句时，只能用because，不能用for或 as.
Eg: Why are you late Because I met a traffic accident on my way here.
（2）汉语中，我们经常说因为……所以，但在英文中有了because，就不能再用so。
Eg: （×）Because he was tired， so he couldn't walk there.
4、if，though （although） （1）if：如果（引导条件从句）
Eg: You can pass the exam if you study hard.
（2）though，although：虽然（引导让步状语从句）和原因状语从句一样，如果用了though，although 不能再用but（但是）。
Eg: Although（Though） I live near the sea， I'm not a good swimmer. =I live near the sea，but I'm not a good swimmer.
5、so…that：太……以致……
若that 后跟的从句是否定从句，可以与too···to互换。
Eg: He is so old that he can't work. = He is too old to work.
Eg: The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.=The box is too heavy for me to lift. Eg: The girl is so beautiful that everybody likes her.
注意注意此句型与too…to的互换。so…that在肯定句中不能转换成too…to…。 55555
v1.0 可编辑可修改 （虽然）就
中考英语连词讲义+习题
