preferable, It is advisable, It was proposed等。
例：It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week, A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come 答案为C。
4．在would rather, as if/though以及wish后边that从句中虚拟语气的运用。
1）I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner. A. come
B. would come C. came D. have come
答案为C。would rather后面的从句中，动词形式用过去式。
2）He talks as if he _____ everything in the world. A. knows B. knew
C. had known
D. would have know
正确答案为B。在as if/though后边的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时。本句表示对现在的情况有所怀疑。
3）You look as if you had seen a ghost.
此句中as if 后边是说话人想象中的过去的动作，所以用过去完成时。
4）I wish I knew his address.
在wish后边的从句中，如果指现在或将来的愿望，动词用过去式。这句话告诉我们说话人并不知道他的地址。
5）Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college. A．could study B. studied
C. had studied D. would study
答案为C。在wish后边的从句中，如果表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过去完成时。
5．在It is (high) time后边的that从句中，动词用过去式，表示该做某事了。 例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?
A. give up B. gave up
C. would give up D. should give up 答案为B。
虚拟语气专项练习：
1. We desire that the tour leader ____________ us immediately of any change in plans.
A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed
2. It was proposed that the matter ___________ discussed at the next meeting.
A. will be B. was C. could be D. be
3. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ___________ on the way.
A. goes wrong B. should go wrong C. went wrong D. would go wrong
4. It is essential that these application forms __________ back before the deadline.
A. must be sent B. will be sent C. are sent D. be sent
5. It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time ____________?
A. we are going home B. we go home
C. we went home D. we can go home
6. I’d rather you _____________ make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A. didn’t B. wouldn’t C. don’t D. shouldn’t
7. That tree looked as if it ____________ for a long time.
A. hasn’t been watered B. didn’t water
C. hadn’t been watered D. wasn’t watered
8. She didn’t go to the party, but she does wish she _____________ there.
A. has been B. had been C. would have been D. would be
9. ____________ the whole situation, I wouldn’t have said it.
A. If I should know B. Had I known
C. If I knew D. Were to know
10. The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ______________ here 30 minutes sooner.
A. could have been B. would be C. should be D. had been
练习答案：
01-05：ADBDC 06-10：ACBBA
五、非谓语动词：
动词非谓语形式包括不定式，动名词和分词，它们在句子中不能充当谓语，可以分别充当主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。虽然非谓语形式不能充当谓语，但它们仍然保留了动词的某些特征，比如说它们可以有自己的宾语，补足语或状语以及自己的逻辑主语，能成为句子的独立成分。
动词非谓语形式有一般时、进行时和完成时三种形式以及相应的主动与被动形式。在解答有关动词非谓语形式的试题时，应特别注意以下几点：
1．英语中有些动词后跟不定式作宾语，有些动词后面则接动名词作宾语，还有一些动词的后边既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，有时意义不变，但有时却在意义上大不相同，所以必须牢记有关非谓语形式的基本知识。
1）We shall appreciate _____ from you soon. A. being heard B. hearing C. to hear
D. having been heard
答案是B。appreciate 这个词后面只能接动名词，且应该是其一般式。
2）The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
短语动词confess to中的to是介词，不是动词不定式符号，因此选项A和B可以排除。选项C是动名词的被动式，而动名词后边已经有了宾语a lie ,因此动名词不能是被动式，因此正确答案是D。用完成形式的动名词表示这个动作在主要动词之前已经发生。
3）We all feel sorry for _____ for so long after your arrival. A. keep you waiting
B. having kept you waiting C. waiting for you D. keep you wait 答案为B。
2．非谓语动词作宾语补充语时，要弄清哪些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾补，哪些动词后面可以跟分词作宾补。
1）Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house _____ so well. A. to be decorated B. to decorate C. be decorated D. decorating
decorate是及物动词，因此可以排除B和D，C项缺了不定式的符号to，因此正确答案为A。
2）There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself _____. A. hearing B. being heard C. to hear D. heard
hear 在本句中是及物动词，据此可以排除A和C，B项选择形式不对，因此D是正确答案。
3）The manager has his employees _____ a business report every week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write
答案为D。have和get后面接宾补时，要用过去分词或无to不定式。
4）we are going to have our office _____ to make room for a new engineer. A. to rearrange
B. rearrange C. rearranged D. rearranging 答案为C。
3．非谓语动词作状语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。
例：Arriving at the bus stop, _____ waiting there. A. he found a lot of people B. a lot of people were
C. he found a lot of people’s D. people were found
根据上面所述，可以首先排除B和D，C项中的people’s结构不对，正确答案只能是A。
4．掌握好非谓语动词形式时态和语态的正确使用。如果非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时，用一般式，如果非谓语动词表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用完成式。非谓语动词的逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是接受者决定了应当用主动式还是被动式。 例：The famous novel is said _____ into Chinese. A. to have translated B. to be translate
C. to have been translated D. to translate 答案为C。
非谓语动词练习：
1. It is no good ____________ to come now. He is busy.
A. if you ask him B. to ask him C. asking him D. that you ask him
2. He was lucky to escape __________ to prison.
A. sending B. being sent C. to be sent D. sent
3. The bedroom needs _____________.
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning
4. His parents ______________ last week, the child has no one to look after him.
A. having died B. died C. dead D. having dead
5. ____________ a teacher in the university, it is necessary to have at least master’s degree.
A. Become B. To become C. One becomes D. Becoming
6. There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _________ trouble.
A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made
7. I have heard both teachers and students ____________ well of him.
A. to speak B. spoken C. to have spoken D. speak
8. Mrs. Brown is supposed ____________ for Italy last week.
A. to have been left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have left
9. When _______________ the education systems of China and Britain, the professor gave no comment.
A. being asked to compare B. asked him to compare
C. asking him to compare D. asked to compare
10. You will see this product _________ wherever you go.
A. to be advertised B. advertise C. advertised D. advertising
练习答案：
01-05：ABDAB 06-10：BDDAC
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湖南成人教育学位英语[语法]重点详细解析（一）
