cost of goods sold（CGS）=1500*50+300*55=91500
ending inventory=1500*50+500*55-91500=11000
Dr：bank deposit *** Cr.sales revenue *** Dr：cost of sales 91500 Cr. inventory--desk lamp 91500 ③reserve for market price decline of inventories
net realizable value=200*52=10400
Dr: management cost-loss on market price decline of inventorie 600（11000-10400） Cr. reserve for market price decline of inventories
600
第三讲 固定资产
授课内容和教学目标：
该专题内容主要介绍常用的与固定资产有关的英文词汇、短语和经济业务描述。通过本章的教学使学生理解关于固定资产价值的计量、折旧等英文题目的理解，并进行常见的计算和会计处理。
1.Non-current assets
current: adj. 流通的；当前的 current assets 流动资产 current liabilities 短期负债 non-current：加否定前缀 non-current assets 固定资产 non-current liabilities 长期负债 e.g.Assets are usually divided into current assets and non-current assets on the balance sheet. 2.常见的固定资产
building建筑物 plant厂房 machinery机械 equipment设备 vehicles车辆 fixture固定设施 3.固定资产的初始计量
Acquisition cost购置成本
acquire v. 获得，取得 acquisition n.
e.g.Our company acquired a famous local hotel for $105,000 in October. Acquisition cost includes some other necessary costs. purchase price买价 transportation cost运费 installation cost安装费用 tax税金等 *historical cost：原始成本
Lecture example
e.g.ABC company purchased a piece of equipment with a list price（价目表价格）of RMB￥60,000 on January 1, 2008.The following cost was related to the equipment purchase:
fright cost of ￥1,000 were incurred; a pollution-control device was compulsively required to be installed at a cost of ￥2,500; loading and unloading fee of ￥800.please calculate the acquisition cost of the equipment. [答疑编号811030101] List price ￥60,000 freight costs 1,000
pollution-control 2,500
loading and unloading fee 800 total Acquisition Cost ￥64,300
fair value 公允价值 market value 市场价值
Lecture example
Edison company owns a chain of restaurants.On January 1, 2008, the company acquired a restaurant from its competitor for $40,000.The fair value of the assets was assessed as following: the building had a market value of $35,000, the equipments had the fair value of $10,000 and the fixtures of $5,000.
Q: what’s the acquisition cost of each asset? Prepare a journal entry to record the acquisition.
[答疑编号811030102]
Total acquisition cost: $40,000
Total fair value of the acquired assets: $35,000＋$10,000＋$5,000＝$50,000
Market Value Acquisition Cost
building 35,000 28,000 ＝40,000×（35,000÷50,000） equipment 10,000 8,000 ＝40,000×（10,000÷50,000） fixture 5,000 4,000 ＝40,000×（5,000÷50,000）
50,000 40,000 Dr.building 28,000 Dr.equipment 8,000
Dr.fixture 4,000
Cr.bank deposit 40,000
借：固定资产――建筑物 28,000 ――设备 8,000 ――固定设施 4,000 贷：银行存款 40,000 4.Depreciation折旧
depreciation n. 折旧，损耗（有些资产）amortization 摊销（无形资产） accumulated depreciation 累积折旧 depreciation expense 折旧费用 depreciate v. depreciable adj. · depreciation base折旧基数— historical cost of assets
* book value /carrying value 账目价值（＝historical cost – accumulated depreciation） · estimated residual value/ estimated salvage value预计净残值
estimated adj. 预计的，估计的→estimate v. 估计，判断，估价 residual adj. 残留的，剩余的
salvage n. 海上救助，海上打捞，从灾难中抢救出的财物，残留物，残余物 * depreciable amount ＝ depreciation base—estimated residual value
· estimated useful life 预计使用年限（No.of years）/（No.of production units） useful life 使用寿命，使用年限 · 固定资产已提的减值准备
· methods:
a.straight-line method直线折旧法，平均年限法 b.units of production method工作量法 Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧法:
c.double-declining balance method双倍余额递减法 d.sum-of-the-years' digits method年数总和法 journal entry 与折旧有关的会计分录
Dr.depreciation expense 折旧费用 Cr.accumulated depreciation 累计折旧 Lecture examples:
1）Straight-line depreciation
depreciable amount 可折旧金额 ＝ depreciation expense of each year（年折旧额） estimated useful life（year）尚可使用年限
Leo company purchased a laundry equipment on Sept.1, 2007, for $60,000.The equipment has an estimated useful life of 5 years and an estimated residual value of $6,000.The company is comparing the use of the straight-line method and the units-of-production method to depreciate
the asset.The equipment will be used to produce 10,000 units in the first two years and 20,000 units in the following three years..
Please calculate the depreciation expense, the accumulated depreciation, and the book value of the equipment under both methods for each of the five years of the asset’s life. [答疑编号811030103]
*$60,000 cost; 5 year life; $6,000 residual value
Depreciation expense of each year in 5 years:（$60,000－$6,000）÷5＝$10,800
Year Depreciation expense Historical cost Accumulated depreciation Book value 1 2 3 4 5 10,800 10,800 10,800 10,800 10,800 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 10,800 21,600 32,400 43,200 54,000 49,200 38,400 27,600 16,800 6,000 2）Units of production depreciable amount ＝ depreciation expense/unit（每单位产品的折旧额） units production生产的产品产量
Depreciation expense of each unit in 5 years:（$60,000﹣$6,000）÷80,000＝$0.675 Depreciation expense of each year＝depreciation expense of each unit ×No.of units produced in that year
[答疑编号811030104]
Year Depreciation expense Historical cost Accumulated depreciation Book value 3）Double-declining balance book value at start of period 期初账面价值×double straight-line rate双倍折旧率＝ depreciation expense for that period当期折旧费用
*book value（carrying value）账面价值 ＝ cost of asset资产的成本 － accumulated depreciation累计折旧
straight-line rate平均年限法折旧率 ＝ 1÷no.of years（estimated useful life）折旧年限 double straight-line rate 双倍余额法折旧率＝ 2×straight-line rate平均年限法折旧率 4）Sum-of-the-years' digits 年数总和法
depreciable amount ′years left at beg.of period期初剩余使用年限 sum of the years' digits年数数位的总和
本章小节:
在固定资产这一章当中，主要介绍了固定资产折旧的情况，除此之外，固定资产还会涉及到固定资产的处置，比如固定资产的损毁、固定资产的出售以及固定资产抵债的一些相关的内容。
1 6,750 6,750 2 6,750 3 4 5 13,500 13,500 13,500 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 13,500 27,000 40,500 54,000 6,000 53,250 46,500 33,000 19,500
第四讲 常用会计科目的英文名称
1.资产类科目Assets
现金：Cash and cash equivalents 银行存款：Bank deposit 应收账款：Account receivable 应收票据：Notes receivable 应收股利：Dividend receivable 应收利息：Interestreceivable 其他应收款：Other receivables
原材料：Raw materials
在途物资：Materials in transport 库存商品：inventory
存货跌价准备：provision forthe declinein value ofinventories 坏账准备：Bad debt provision
待摊费用：Prepaid expense
会计英语教材
