2024-2024学年中考英语语法备考秘籍
非谓语动词
构成 ：（to） +动词原形
做主语 不定式 做宾语 功能 ：除谓语外的任何的成分 做宾语补足语 做定语 做状语
非谓语动词 构成：v-ing
动名词
功能：主语、宾语、表语、定语
构成：v.-ing /v.-ed(规则变化）
分词
功能：表语 、宾语补足语、定语、状语
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知 识 清 单
动 词 不 定 式
不定式：to + 动词原形
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数
的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语
和状语：
句法作用 作宾语 例 句 She wanted to borrowed my radio. They began to read and write. 作状语 She went to see her grandma last Sunday . He came to give us a talk yesterday. 作宾语补足语 Lucy asked him to turn off the radio. She asked me to speak more loudly Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once . The father made his son study hard. 作定语 Have you got anything to say? I had something to eat this morning . 作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy. 注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如： It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
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It took us three days to do the work.
动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成. 如:
Tell him not to be late.
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.
4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如： Let me listen to you sing the song. He watched his son play computer games. I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.
The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night. 5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如： The question is when to start. I don’t know where to go .
He showed me how to use a computer. What to do is a big problem.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用： 1. To grow plants is very important. 2. It is so nice to hear your voice. 3. My dream is to be a pilot.
4. He began to read and write at the age of five. 5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly. 6. Tom came to see me last night. 7. I am glad to see you. 8.Have you got anything to say? 9.There are many places to see in China. 10.I asked him not to open the window. 11. I don’t know what to buy for you.
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2024-2024学年中考英语语法备考11 非谓语动词(讲解)
