高考英语语法填空技巧与方法

高考英语语法填空技巧与方法

高考英语语法填空技巧与方法 一、学前热身 The woman often called the First Lady of New York died on August. Brooke Astor was one hundred and five years old. The extremely wealthy and famous New Yorker spent much of her life __1__(help)the needy in her beloved city.

She was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She was the only child of a high level military officer. After two earlier __2__(marry) ，she married Vincent Astor in 1953 again. He came from a family __3__ had been rich for least on hundred years. Among other things, he owned many buildings in New York City. Brooke Astor became one of the __4__(rich)women in the world when Vincent Astor died. She also became head of a huge charity organization_ _5__(found) by her husband. He repeatedly had told her she would have fun giving __6__ his money. And apparently she did. Missus Astor gave tens of millions of dollars __7__(main)to places and people in New York City. She said it was the sensible choice because that was __8__ the money had been made. She gave financial support to the city’s cultural centers，its poor and disabled as __9__ as to many other smaller charities. When she died, the mayor of New York said the city would not be what it is today __10__ her support.

二、题型介绍

(1)短文来源：都来自网上。 (2)短文长度：170-200词。

(3)短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词。 (4)短文题材：或体现文化内涵，或给人心灵以启迪等。 (5)考点设置：

①纯空格题：设6-7个小题。

②用括号中所给词填空：设3-4个小题。 (6)答案特点：

①纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定死了“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。两年高考题的答案印证了这一点。

②用括号中所给词填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的正确形式究竟由几个单词组成？两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。 ③所填词(答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词。

④两年都有所填词位于句首，此时第一个字母要注意大写。

三、解题高招

（一）通读全文，把握大意。

既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。

（二）结合语境，试填空格。

读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说，可按设题类型分为三类情况：

(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。

首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的

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逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧： 技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如：

[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second.

技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词，很可能是填限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)。

如：[例2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly.

[例3]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.

技巧3：句子不缺主语、宾语、表语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介 词。

[例4]… who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house. 技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连 词。

[例5]…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

[例6]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.

技巧5：若两句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。

[例7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was to return to Guangzhou.

[例8] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very happy… 技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。

[例9]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in another. [例10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ______ bring home a regular salary.

技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

(1)由it is…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。如：

[例11] …and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)!

(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。如：

[例12] ______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. (3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如：

[例13] …as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists…

[例14]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (4)so /such…that…句型。如：

[例15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。如： [例16]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays.

(2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧

首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。

技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。

[例17]His fear of failure ___36___ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played

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with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模)

解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。 [例18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away. (2008年广州一模)

解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。

[例19] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007梅州二模) 解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。

技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：

(1)作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：

[例20] …but it is not enough only ___35___(memorize) rules from a grammar book. (2007年佛山一模)

解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。

[例21] ______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary… 解析：句中已有谓语won’t make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。

(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语，一般用不定式。如：

[例22] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。 [例23] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33___ (succeed). (2008年佛山一模)

解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。

(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。如：[例24] He saw the stone, ___37___ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008年东莞一模)

解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。

[例25] The headmaster went into the lab, ________(follow) by the foreign guests.

解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词followed作伴随状语。

(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式，是被动关系用—ed形式。如：

[例26] There will be a meeting, ___40___ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008年广州二模) 解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。 [例27] Lessons ___39___ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)

解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。 (3)、词类转换题的解题技巧

根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有： 技巧10：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：

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[例28] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。

[例29] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to… 解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。

[例30] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject

解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。

技巧11：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：

[例31] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.

解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China’s ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。

[例32] These people have made great ___39___ (contribute) to China with their work. (2007年茂名二模)

解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示“作贡献”，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。

[例33] …instructors expect students to be familiar with ___32___ (inform) in the reading… (2008年三校联考)

解析：因with是介词，在介词后作宾语，要用名词，故填information。

技巧12：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：

[例34] …the remains date from this period because of their ___38___ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年广州二模)

解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。

[例35] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.

解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。

技巧13：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：

[例36] As I looked ___32___ (close) at this girl, I fount that… (2008年深圳一模) 解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。

[例37] There must be something ___40___ (serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末) 解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。 [例38]Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet ___33___ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time… (2008年惠州三模)

解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。

技巧14：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un—, im—等，在词根后加—less等。如： [例39] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).

解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。

[例40] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.

解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意可知，错误是引起不必要的麻烦事，故填unnecessary。

技巧15：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：

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[例41]…there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist ___34___ (attract)… (2008年广州一模)

解析：尽管attract是动词，但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词about的宾语，用名词，故填attraction。

[例42]The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even ___36___ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末)

解析：联系前句，又有even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填harder。

[例43]Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexico’s border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said.

The ___33___ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. (2007梅州二模)

解析：结合前段内容，特别是the的提示，可知要用bad的最高级worst，表示“最严重的”。 3. 重读全文，解决难题。

在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。

高中语法填空专练练及解题技巧

解“语法填空”题的一般步骤是： 一、浏览全文 把握语篇

浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。 二、边读边填 先易后难

在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。 三、验证复查 清除难点

有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。

另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。

二、语法填空专练 （一）

阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） （1） Using Garbage as a Fuel Garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look ____1___ coal, petroleum, or natural gas, __2_____ they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels(料). As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as _____3___ energy source.

Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States _____4__( burn) garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam _____5___ is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city’s garbage each year. The

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