专升本复习
不定代词代词与形容词副词
一些重要的不定代词的用法
不定代词有both, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, few, some, any, each, every, no, none等,从实际应用和理解出发,重点学习以下几个: (一) both, either, neither (二) one, another, the other (三) little, a little, few, a few
(四) some / any, no / none, each / every, many / much 不定代词 含义 数量关系 作定语时名词的数 作主语时动词的数 both 两者都 =2 复数 复数 either 两者中的任何一个 =2 单数 单数 neither 两者都不 =2 单数 单数
all 三者或三者以上都 ≥3 单数或复数 单数或复数 none 三者或三者以上都不 ≥3 ○ 单数或复数 each 每一个 ≥2 单数 单数 every 每一个 ≥3 单数 单数
both, either, neither both为“两者都”,neither为“两者都不”,either为“两者之一”。这三个单词都用于指两个人或物,在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。 作主语:
1) Both (of them) enjoyed the rice. 他们两人喜欢吃米饭。 2) Neither (of us) is a doctor. 我们俩都不是医生。 3) Either (of you) will go. 随你们哪个去都可以。
注意:作主语时,both后面的谓语动词用复数。neither, either后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 作定语:
1) Both Zhang Hua's father and mother worker work in a hospital, but neither one is a doctor. 张华的父母亲在一所医院工作,但都不是医生。
2) You may take either apple. 两个苹果任你拿一个。 作宾语:
1) I like both of the toys very much. 我非常喜欢这两件玩具。
2) The boy could find neither of them and went away. 这男孩找不到他们俩就走开了。 3) You may plant either in the street. 你可以种在街道的任一边。
both 还可作同位语,它们句中的位置是在动词be,助动词或情态动词的后面,但在实义动词前面。
1) They are both in good health. 他们两人身体都很好。 2) They will both go there. 他们两人都收到那儿去。
3) They both agreed to take part in the birthday party. 他们两人都答应参加生日晚会。 此外,either 可作副词用于否定句,表示 “也”,相当于肯定句中的 “too”。 This is not mine. That is not, either. 这不是我的,那也不是。
neither 表示“也不”的时候,常用在倒装的结构形式中:
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I don't like to play football. Neither does he. 我不喜欢踢足球,他也不喜欢。 She hasn't got a bike. Neither have I. 他没自行车,我也没有。 注意,both 和 and, either 和 or, neither 和 nor 可构成连词。表示“和……两个都”,连接主语时谓语动词是复数;“不是……就是”;“或……或”,“既不……也不”;“……都不” 连接两个并列主语时谓语动词的数一般应与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致,如: 1) Both Zhang and Wang are good students. 张、王都是好学生。 2) Either you or he is right. 不是你就是他对的。
3) Neither he nor I am a scientist. 他和我都不是科学家。
one, another, the other
1. one 常用来作代词,替代前文所出现的可数名词,表示人或物,以避免重复。例如: I haven't got a ball pen. I'll have to buy one. (= a ball pen) 我没圆珠笔,我得去买一支。 He is one to think more of others. 他是个能多为别人着想的人。 2. the other, another 都可解释为 “另一个”。other 加上定冠词用于两者中的另一个,another 指三者以上中的另一个。例如:
He has two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher.
We've received two parcels, one from my uncle, the other from my aunt. I don't like this one, show me another, please.
I've just bought three things. One is a walkman, another is a pocket calculator, the third is a video game.
3. another 还有 “再……” 的意思,例如:
Have another cup of coffee, please. 再喝一杯咖啡吧!
She could have to stay here for another week. 他将在这里再待一个星期。 4. others 和 the others 表示复数的泛指和特指。例如:
In the park some are playing games. Others are walking near the river.
I have five colour pencils. One is red, another is blue and the others are green.
5. the rest 也可作 “其余的” 解释。它用作主语时注意谓语动词的单复数。例如: The rest of his life was spent in America. 他的余生是在美国度过的。
He has eight books. Two are in English. The rest are in Chinese. 他有几本书,两本是英文,其余的是中文。
3、other,the other,others,the others 与 another other 意为另一个,另一些,可作主语、宾语、定语
the other 意为两者中的另一个,或者剩下的全部, 有时候可作代词用 others 和some作对比的时候使用,名词性质的
the others 意为其余的,表示在一个范围内剩下的全部,是名词性质的 another 另一个,再一个
little, a little, few, a few
1. little 与 a little 两者都用来修饰不可数名词,little 作 “很少”,“几乎没有” 解,有否定的意思,a little 作 “少许”、“有一点” 解,有肯定的意思,例如:
In this way they can make the trip with just a little money. 用这种方法他们只花很少的钱就能旅行。
There is little left, is there? 没剩多少了,是吗?
2. few, a few 用来修饰可数名词,前者表示否定,后者表示肯定。
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A few of us speak English well. 我们中有几个人英语讲得很好。
There were few eggs in the fridge, so he went to the supermarket and bought some. 冰箱里几乎没鸡蛋了,所以他去超市买了一些。
3. few 作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数,例如: Few men know this, do they?
some, any, no, none, each, every, many, much (1)some 和 any:
some (一些,某个) 句中可作主语、宾语、定语等,常用于肯定句。作定语时,它可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词是单数时,some 表示 “某个” 的意思。例如: I am going to buy some orange juice.
Have you any questions? Yes, I have some.
I have read that in some magazine.我在谋一份杂志上看到过。
当说活者表示提议、请求或期望得到肯定回答时,在疑问句中也可用 some。例如: 例:Would you like some tea?
Could you lend me some money?
any “一些” 用法相同于 some, 但多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句。例如: Is there any ink in your pen?
Put up your hands if you have any questions. 注意:
1. any 用于肯定句中有 “任何一个” 解。常用于比较级句子中。 Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class.
Tom runs faster than any of the other boys in his class.
2. some, any, every, no 可以与 body, thing, one 构成复合不定代词,这些代词都作单数看待,表示人或物:
Something is wrong with my bike. Something is asked to see you. Nobody is absent.
If you want anything, call me.
3. no 和 none:
none (没有一个,全不,都不) 是名词性的不定代词,可作主语和宾语,常和 of 短语连用,不作定语。none 作主语代替不可数名词时,谓语用单数形式。代替可数名词时,谓语用单、复数均可。例如:
None of us is / are from Beijing. None of the money is mine.
none 与 all 相对,有 “全不” “全部” 的含义,因此 all 是全肯定,none 是 all 的全部否定,但都指三者以上的人或物。 We all made mistakes. None of us was correct.
no 是形容词性的不定代词,只能用作定语,可修饰可数和不可数名词。no 等于 not a 或 not any 加上名词。例如: I have no money. I have not any money.
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no one 相当于 nobody,意为没有人,谓语用单数。
4. each 和 every :
each (每个,各自的) 强调个体,可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。 every (每个,一切的) 相当于all,强调整体,只能作定语。 Each boy has a dictionary. 每个孩子都有一本词典。 Every boy has a dictionary. 所有的孩子都有一本词典。 注意: every 构成的常用词组
every other day 每隔一天 / every other five days 每隔五天 every other line 每隔一行 / every five days 每五天
5. many 和 much :
many 修饰可数名词的复数,谓语用复数,much 修饰不可数名词,谓语用单数,它们可用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中,还可在肯定句中作主语或修饰主语。例如: So much for today.
There are many buses and cars in the street.
many 可被 a lot of, a large number of, a great many 所代替。
much 可被 a lot of, plenty of, a good deal of, a great (large) quantity of 所代替。
但 a lot of / lots of 只能用于肯定句。
6. anything but和nothing but的区别 6.1 anything but表示“决不是”,“并非”,“除此之外别的都是”。后面可以接名词,代词,形容词,分词及不带to的不定式。
例:1) He is anything but a millionaire. 他决不是一个百万富翁。(后接名词) 2) I'll do anything but that. 我决不干那件事。(后接代词)
3) That old bridge is anything but safe. 那座陈旧的桥一点也不安全。(后接形容词)
4) Your mother bears anything but receiving the news. 听到这个消息你母亲会受不了的。(后接分词) 5) We will do anything but wait. 我们决不能等待。(后接不定式) 6.2 nothing but表示“只是;只有;只不过”。用法与anything but一样。 例:1) Don't have him for a friend, for he is nothing but a fool. 别和他交朋友,他只是一个傻瓜。 2) He eats nothing but fruit. 他只吃水果。
3) Nothing but patient study can make one familiar with English idioms. 只有孜孜不倦地钻研才能使我们通晓英语的惯用语。
4) Thirty years ago, Kobe was nothing but a small fishing village. 三十年前神户只不过是一个小渔村。 5) He did nothing but sing. 他一个劲地唱。
6) We think of nothing but working hard for the realization of the four modernizations. 我们只是想着为实现四化而努力工作。 练习:翻译
She is nothing but a kind woman.
[解析]: 译为“她只是一位善良的妇女。”
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形容词副词
一、形容词作用
(一)形容词用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。
形容词可在句中充当定语修饰名词、代词,也可作表语表示主语的状态、特征,还可作补语、状语。
1)作定语,修饰名词、代词 I have an interesting book. 2)作表语
I'm happy. You are hungry. John is honest. Father seems sad. Mary looks old. I feel tired. Lee remains ill. She is growing fat.
如果形容词需要强调而主语又有较长的修饰语,形容词可放在系动词及主语的前面: Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay. Happy is he who is satisfied with what he has. 3)作补语:指宾补,主补。 What makes you sad?
The wall was painted green.
4)作状语: 置于句首或句中时,常表原因、时间等;置于句中或句末,常表伴随、结果。(也有人认为此用法属“主语补足语”,用来说明主语的特征、状态的。) Tired and hot, we had to stop to have a break. 又累又热,我们不得不停下来休息。 He fell down dead.他倒下死了。
二、副词
副词是一个可以修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语或整个句子的词。在句中作状语,个别可做表语、定语、补语。
二、副词
副词是一个可以修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语或整个句子的词。在句中作状语,个别可做表语、定语、补语。
多个形容词描述一个名词
二、大哥限描大,二哥形龄颜,小弟籍物类,同站名词前。 限:限定词。the, my, a, this…
描:描绘性形容词。brave, beautiful, lovely, nice… 大:大小、高低、长短等形容词。big,large,small… 形:形状。round,square…
龄:年龄大小、新旧、年代等。young,old,new… 颜:颜色。red,blue,green…
籍:国籍、地区、出处。Chinese,America,Japanese… 物:物质材料的形容词。golden,wooden,wax… 类:表示类别、用途。medical,chemical,writing… 例:一个旧的很漂亮的黑色的日本式的方形木制小写字桌 A pretty little square old black Japanese wooden writing desk.
【浙江专升本】不定代词与形容词副词重点及练习题集



