七年级八班英语基础知识(时态)复习资料
(2008-06-02 15:46:12)
七年级八班英语基础知识(时态)复习资料
姓名 __________________ 学号 ____________________
I一般现在时
一般现在时是表示现阶段经常、习惯的动作或存在的状态。 ?一般现在时的判断:
(1) 当句中用到副词often, usually, sometimes或always等,同时该句子中无表示在过去 或将来的吋间状语时,那么这个句子通常用一般现在吋。
The student often plays basketball at school. My fi*iends always help me with my English . Sometimes Jim plays the piano after lunch.
(2) ―般现在时常和类似 every day, in the morning, on Sundays, at eight o,clock in the morning 等具有周期性的时间状语连用。如;
Julia watches TV every night. Mike gets up late in the morning.
(3) —般表示某人或某物现阶段的特征、性质。能力等以及现实社会和自然界中客观现象, 包括真理性的内容时,用一般现在时句了表达。 The girl is beautiful, she works in a shop as a shop assistant. The pandas live in Sichuan, they eat bamboo leaves.
? 一般现在吋的谓语结构可分为三类:系表结构谓语(即be动词+表语(多为adj形容词)), 实义动词的谓语动词和情态动词+动词原形的谓语动词。 (1) be动词+表语 该谓语结构通常用于表主语的状态。
E.g.: She is a student. She is beautiful. I'm from Agang. But my fiiends are fiom Luoping .
(2) 实义动词谓语该谓语结构通常用于表主语的动作。
A.当句子主语为笫三人称单数形式时,实义动词用笫三人称单数形式。
E.g. My English teacher lives near our school. Bob speak French, and he likes Chinese food. She wants to be a teacher when she is older. Jim likes eating broccoli and potatoes.
?当主语为第三人称单数形式时,变成一般疑问句要用does來引导,变成否定句要借助
doesn't来引导。这时要注意docs和doesn't后的单数谓语动词要用动词原形。 E.g. : This boy often plays computer games after school.
变为一般疑问句:Does this boy often play computer games after school. 变为杏定彳U: This boy doesn't often play computer games after school B.当句子主语为非第三人称单数形式吋,实义动词谓语动词用动词原形。 E.g.: we come fiom Australia. And we speak English . fheir parents work in Shanghai. (3)含情态动词的谓语动词结构
情态动词是表示情态,语气等的一类动词。我们学过或即将要学的情态动词有can, may, would, must (必须)和 should (应该)等。 相关概念补充。
(1) 第三人称单数形式主语:一般旬了 rfl单个的人(除I , you夕卜)如人名,your friend/mother 等,单个的物或不可数名词,代词he, she, it以及指示代词this, thato (2) 非第三人称单数形式主语:一般由I , you及复数名词,复数代词(we, you, they, these, those),或and连接的两个并列主语就是非第三人称单数形式主语。 (3) 动词第三人称单数形式的构成:
%1 .一般动词后加 s 构成。如:likes, plays, enjoys, reads, speaks, tells 等。 %1 .一般一辅音字母+y结尾的动词将V变为再+“es”。女U study—studieso %1 .一般以s,x, ch, sh或以o结尾的单词,加es。如watches, teaches, goes等。 %1 .不规则的形式,如,have—has , be一is/arc等
注意:一般名词后加宦或“肘表示的是复数形式,用于当要表示一名词的复数概念时。而一 般动词后加“s”或表示的是第三人称单数形式用于当主语是第三人称单数形式时,从而使 得句子的主谓保持一致。如:
There are some potatoes on the table. What animals do you like?
My father is a teacher, he teaches English . He usually gets up at seven o'clock in the
morning .
?可数名词和不可数名词的应用
-般表示人,事物,时间,地点及抽象概念的名词的着一类词就叫名词。名词通常可分为普 通名词和专有名词俩人类。普通名词乂可分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(cn)的运用
可数名词是指冇生命的,冇一定整体的,可以用数目计算的这一类名词。如,potato, strawberry, egg,等,可数名词又分为单数形式和复数形式两种。单数形式可数名词表示可 数名词数冃为“1\时的形式,直接川原形表示;复数形式名词则表示数冃大于“1\时,含冇若 干个体时的形式,复数可数名词一般由可数名词的原形后加s或es构成。
?可数名词在句中一?般不能直接、单独(除表示学科、球类、三餐饭和季节等少数名词外) 用于句中。具体又包括下而两点:
(1) 如果可数名词作单数形式用于句中时,前一般冇冠词(a, an或the)代词(this, that, my, his, our, her, their等)或名词所冇格修饰。如果肓按'光溜溜“地被肓接用于句中是错 误的。如:我是学生,我有尺子,铅笔和闹钟。译为:
I'm a student. I have a ruler, a pencil and an alarm clock.
(2) 如果可数名词作复数形式被使用时,前一般有冠词the,代词(there, my, some等) 或名词所冇格等修饰。如果没冇,该复数可数名词往往表示一类人或事物。如: look, these photos arc in my bag. I like bananas. They would like some dumplings.
⑶表示学科(如math, science) >球类、季节(如summer, winter等)及农示三餐的breakfast, lunch, supper等在句中应用时,如不是特指-?般都直接用,両不用加冠词,代词或复数形 式。如:
We study English, math science, biology, and so on(等等).and science is my favorite subject.
——What animals do you like?——I like elephants. Because they are cute. ——Do you have a pen? -—Yes, I do. This dog is very lovely. 可数名词变复数的规则如F: