祈使句语法讲解与练习（word版）
祈使句专项讲解与练习
一、祈使句：
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句. 祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、 劝告、建议别人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感叹号，但是有些祈使句的语气较弱，可以用 句号结尾
祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，例：Go and wash your hands. 例如：保持肃静！ Be kind to our sister. Watch your steps. 表示禁止的句式有：不 准、不要、别、No parking. 二、表现形式 ●肯定结构:
1. Do 型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here.
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 。 2. Be 型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let 型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 ●否定结构:
1. Do 型和 Be 型的否定式都是在句首加 don\\'t 构成，
如:Don\\'t forget me!Don\\'t be late for school!
2. Let 型的否定式有两种:“Don\\'t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词 原形 + 其它成分”。
如:Don\\'t let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3. 有些可用 no 开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
如:No smoking! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
三、祁使句类型 祁使句是用来向别人提出命令,建议或请求的句式.常见的祁使句
有以下五种:
1) Let's 开头的祁使句 如: Let's say it in English . 2) 动词原形开头的祁使句. 如: Listen to the teacher . 3) Shall I 开头的祁使句 . 如: Shall I carry the parcel for you ? 4) Will you 开头的祁使句. 如: Will you come here early ? 5) 以 Please 开头的祁使句 如: Please take a message for him.
6）带呼语的祈使句 ， 如： Mary, come down here ! (对 mary 讲话，而不带呼语的且以动词原形开 头的祈使句则对第二人称讲话)
7）不让对方做某事, 英语用 \例如:
Don't speak loud . 不要大声讲话. Don't write in that way . 不要那样写.
\带头的祈使句是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种： 1.表示“建议”。 这个句型里的\后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语，如：
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祈使句语法讲解与练习（word版）
(1) Let me try. (2) Let's do it.
(3) Let me go and look for it.
这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。
(4) a. Don't disturb him. 是直接命令，语气强烈 b. Let's not disturb him. 2.表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。 这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口
气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺，如： (7) Let him try and he will expose（暴露） his
inability（无力） to work on his own.
(8) Let the invaders（侵略者 come and our armed forces will wipe（擦拭）them out in no time.
用\let\的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：
一、\的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用\（见例(9)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则
用 \（见例(10)）：
(9) Don't let this type of things happen again.
(10) It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain.
二、\只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态 (the passive voice)，如：
(11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. (12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.
三、\后头除了是不带\的不定式动词 (The infinitive without\之外，还可以是某些适当的副词， 如 out, in, down, alone 等：
(13) Let the puppy out.
(14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in. (15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. (16) Let me alone, please.
四、用\时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用\时，并不包括对方，如：
(17) Let's try it, shall we?
(18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you?
从(17)里的\和(18)里的\，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。
反意疑问句
反意疑问句是用来表示向对方提出反问的一种句式.表示说话人对所提问题的答案有所了解.有时不需 要得到回答.
反意疑问句的结构分为两部分,即:陈述部分 和疑问部分 (疑问部分用简略形式),陈述部分与疑问部分 用逗号隔开.
反意疑问句有两种形式,一种是前肯定后否定;另一种是前否定后肯定.如 : You are a student , aren't you ? 你是个学生,对吗? You are not a student, are you ? 你不是学生,对吗?
应当注意反意疑问句的答语, 与汉语略有区别,特别是前否定后肯定类型的反意疑问句.
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祈使句语法讲解与练习（word版）
例如: -----You are a student, are you ? 你是个学生,对吗? ----- Yes, I am . ( No, I am not ) 是的, 我是. (不是,我不是 . ) ------- You are not a student, are you ? 你不是一个学生,对吗? ------- No, I am not .( Yes, I am ) 对,我不是. ( 不对, 我是 . )
当陈述部分是复合句时,疑问部分人称和谓语动词一般与主句一致,但是 当主句有 I ( don't) believe ( think , suppose , guess ... )疑问部分人称和谓语动词应该与从句一致.主句的否定实际上是对从句的 否定.
例如: I don't think he will come , will he ? 我想他不会回来,对吧?
I think he can swim , can't he ? 我想他能游泳,对吧 ? 注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用 shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句，后用 will you?
句型转换
祈使句与陈述句的改写
1．祈使句=You must ?（陈述句）
Come here .过来。
=You must come here .
你必须过来。
你一定不可以再那样做了。
你愿意帮我的忙吗？
Don't do that again. = You mustn't do that again 2．Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ～?（陈述句）
Please help me .请帮帮我。 =Will you (please) help me? Come here on time ,please .请准时到这儿。 =Will you (please) come here on time ? 3.
含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句
Let's say good-bye here. 我们在此道别吧。 Don't let him do that again.
别让他再那么做了。
祈使句有时相当一个“if”引导的条件状语从句。
祈使句：Use your head and you'll find a way. 条件句：If you use your head，you'll find a way.
注意回答 Let's～的反意疑问句句型时，肯定时用 Yes，let's.否定时用 NO，let's not. 祈使句后的反意疑问句形式 A ○
请你准时到好吗？
Let's 表示说话人向对提出建议,简短问句的主语用 we 表示,问句用 shall we 或 shan't we
如: Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we) B ○
Let me 或 Let us 表示听话人提出请求,问句用 will you 或 won't you .
如：Let me have a rest , will you (won't you ) C ○
其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些.
Stand up , will (won't) you .
如:Have a rest , will you .
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祈使句语法讲解与练习（word版）
一、单项选择 1．
your books and look at the blackboard. C. Closing D. To close
D. not be
. late for school again. －Sorry, I won’t. B. doesn’t be C. don’t be
— B. No, I can’t B. don’t B.Doesn’t B. stays C. stay
B.Be careful
A. Close s B. Close 2．－Tom, A. isn’t A. Yes, I do 4．Jim, 5． 6． Just
3．—Don’t come to school late next time.
look outside. Look at the map.
C. isn’t C.Aren’t
C. Sorry, I won’t
A. doesn’t A.Don’t A. to stay
wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep. D.Can’t
here and don't go anywhere, or your parents won't find you. D. staying
—Sorry, Mr. Li.
D.depend on
C.Be patient with
what you are doing.
7．—Tom , Don’t talk. A.Pay attention to 8． 9．
sleep too late, It’s bad for your health.
C. Don’t D. please not
! We will have an exam next week. B. Listen to B.not to be
C. Hear C.be not
D. Hear to D.don’t be
afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy.”said Mum. drive after drinking. It’s too dangerous(危险的).
C. Don’t D. Doesn't
our lunch. — Sorry, I promise I C. Don’t, won’t
. A. Do B. Not A. Listen up 10．“Tom, A.not be 11．— —OK. I won’t.
A. No B. Not
12．It’s 11 o’clock. Please 13．— 14． 15．
A. ordering B. order C. to order D. orders
late for school again, Tom!
B. Don’t be, won’t
C、Don’t
C. Studying
D. Studied
A. Don’t, will A、No A. Study
sleep in class!
B、Not
hard and you’ll succeed sooner or later.
B. To study
二：用所给词的适当形式填空：(15 分) 16．We are willing (work ) with them.
(do) homework every day.
17．The students in our school spend two hours 4 / 9
祈使句语法讲解与练习（word版）
18．The book is 20．He has _(interesting) , I don’t want to read it again.
(put) on your coat.
_(we).
(lucky), he didn’t hurt himself.
(day) report every morning? ” “Yes, we do.”
(important) as English. (easy) than that one.
(smile) eyes behind his round glasses. (little) homework of us three. 19．It’s cold outside, you’d better 21．We want to go to the park and enjoy 22．Little Tom fell off the desk, 23．“Do you have a 25．Lin Tao has a pair of 26．I think this problem is much 27． 28．Keep 30．Do you know the 参考答案
24．Some students don’t think maths is as (not play) football in the street, Jim. It’s dangerous.
(try) and you will find you can remember things better.
_(swim).
(high) of that tall building?
29．Sandy and Mike are good at swimming, they are good
1．B 试题分析：句意：把书合上看黑板。以动词原形开头的句子是祈使句。And 连接两个并列的成分，look 用动词原形，故 Close 用原形。结合句意，故选 B 考点：考查动词的用法。
2．C 试题分析：句意：汤姆，丌要在上学迟到。对丌起，我丌会了。该句中的汤姆是称呼，丌是主语，所 以该句是祈使句，表示劝告。祈使句的否定形式就是在动词原形前加 don’t.故选 C。 考点：考查祈使句的用法。
3．C 试题分析：句意：--下次丌要上学迟到了。--对丌起，我丌会了。分析：一方提出下次上学丌要迟到 了，结合选项不实际，一定是下次丌可能出现迟到现象，同时也要表示歉意。故选 C 考点：考查交际用语。
4．B 试题分析：句意：吉姆，丌要朝外看。看地图。英语祈使句的否定表达一般是由 Don’t+原形动词构 成，故选 B。 考点：考查祈使句
5．A 试题分析：句意：丌要吵醒你的妹妹，Ben.，她需要一个好的睡眠，否定祈使句 Don’t+动词的原
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祈使句语法讲解与练习(word版)
