Module 7 Improving our lives
Unit 1 Living with technology
Welcome to the unit Useful words dust catcher 吸尘器 electric fan 电风扇 flatiron ['fl?t,ai?n] 熨斗 hair dryer 干发器 electric rice cooker 电锅 gramophone 留声机 electromagnetic oven 电磁炉 radiation 辐射 electronic calculator 计算器 antennae [?n'ten?] 天线Useful phrases be invented to meet people’s needs 为满足民众的需求而被发明 improve people’s lives to some degree 在一定程度上改善了人民的生活 Language Points 1. Technological developments in the last few decades have been breathtaking. breathtaking
adj. very impressive, exciting, or surprising a breathtaking car race 惊险的汽车比赛
the breathtaking natural beauty / scenery of the rainforests 热带雨林令人惊叹的自然美景 2. Early TV was in black and white and had fuzzy pictures. fuzzy
adj. unclear; covered with soft short hair/fur失真的; 模糊的
a few fuzzy memories of his grandparents 对祖父母的一些模糊的记忆 a fuzzy videotape of the bank robbery 一盘模糊的银行劫案的录像带 3. With mobile phones, we can keep in touch with others wherever we are. however
作连词，不管用什么方法 You can travel however you like. 作副词，“无论如何”、“不管怎样” You won't move that stone, however strong you are. 作副词，“究竟怎么”（表示惊奇） However did you get here without a car? whenever 作连词，“任何时候” I'll discuss it with you whenever you like. 作副词，“任何时间”“任何时候” He might turn up on Monday , or Friday, or whenever, and expect to be given a meal. wherever 作连词，“在任何地方”、“到任何地方”、“在任何情况下” Sit wherever you like. whatever
作代词, 无论, 不管 Keep calm, whatever happens
作代词，任何, 每样 We will be grateful for whatever amount you can afford.
or whatever:或其他类似的事物 Take any sport basketball, ice hockey, swimming or whatever. 作形容词，“任何的”、“无论什么的”、“任何种类、程度等的” Take whatever measures you consider best. touch
取得/保持联系 We're in close touch with our office in Spain.
lose touch失去联系 We lost touch over the years
4. How have different electronic devices changed over time?
electronic 电子的 electricity n. electric 用(带)电的，产生电的 electrical 和电有关的，电的 +more general nouns electronic dictionaries/music/banking/mail an electric cable/blanket/fan/cooker
electrical equipment/devices/appliances an electrical fault/engineer
an electric(al) company/current/shock
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Reading It is the TV set combined with the World Wide Part A Web. 1. When did regular public TV broadcasting
3. What was invented in 1954? begin around the world?
The cassette recorder. It began on 11 May 1928 in New York and in
Part C1 London on 20 Agugust 1929.
2. What is WebTV? T T F F F T T Part C2 Year Event 1877 First recording of a human voice was made 1925 First public showings of wireless TV transmissions were made in the USA. 1948 Cable TV began in the USA; 3 American scientists invented the transistor 1951 Color broadcasts began in the USA. 1954 Invention of transistor led to the development of cassette recorders 1958 First LPs(long-play records) came onto the market 1962 Satellite began to be used to broadcast TV. 1982 First CDs produced by using digital technology were made available 1987 Development of MP3 technology started in Germany 1989 International standards for digital TV were established 1992 Development of MD palyer began. 1996 First Web TV set-top boxes came onto the market. Language Points 1. Some consider digital TV to be superior to satellite TV.(page 2,line 19) consider
be of the opinion; regard sb/sth as sth 认为; 视某人[某事物]为: We consider that you are not to blame. 我们认为不该责怪你. * We consider this (to be) very important. 我们认为这非常重要. * Do you consider it wise to interfere? 你认为应该干预吗?
* He will be considered a weak leader. 他会被认为是个软弱无能的领导人.
* a painting previously considered as worthless, but which now turns out to be very valuable 一幅先前认为毫无价值的画, 现在却变成了珍品
* He's generally considered to have the finest tenor voice in the country. 现在公认他是该国最佳的男高音歌手.
* (formal) He's very well considered (if people have a high opinion of him) within the company. 他在公司中受到很高的评价.
* Consider yourself (if You are) under arrest. 你已被逮捕. superior
n. 长者, 高手, 上级
be superior to “比 ……好,比…..强”
In my opinion, trousers made by hand are superior to those made by machines. 在我看来, 手工制作的裤子要比机器加工的好. Of the two books, I think this one is superior to that. 就这两本书而言, 我认为这本比那本更好.
We will need a letter of recommendation from one of your superiors. 我们需要一封你们领导写的推荐信. immediate superiors 顶头上司
superiority [sju:,pi?ri'?riti] n. 优越, 高傲 [化] 优越性
2. At that time, the record player had to be wound up by hand and only played a record for
two minutes (page 3,line 31-32) wind to turn or twist
The nurse wound a bandage around my finger so that bleeding could be stopped. The little boy wound his arms around his mother’s waist and prevented her leaving.
Remember to wind the clock every night before you go to bed if you do not want it to stop. 3. This combines the TV set with the world Wide Web.(page 2, line 25) combine…with… to join something together with
A good way of teaching children is to combine teaching with pleasure.
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Theory should be combined with practice.
In water, two atoms of hydrogen are combined with an atom of oxygen.
4. It all began in 1877 when Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice.(page
3, lines 29-30) recording
? [C] sound or pictures that have been recorded on tape, video, etc: a cassette / tape / video
recording ◆ a hit recording on cassette and CD ◆ a recording of English music for clarinet and orchestra
? [U] the process of making a record, tape, film/movie, etc: during the recording of the show
◆ recording equipment / techniques ◆ a recording session / studio
? [U] the process or act of writing down and storing information for official purposes: the
recording of financial transactions make a recording of录制
5. They bought the patent and applied the technology to create the transistor radio.(page 3,
lines39-40)
apply to bring or put into use or operation运用, 应用某事物
to apply economic sanctions / political pressure ◆ The new technology was applied to farming. Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial processes. 科学上的发明通常都应用于工业生产过程.
make a formal request申请; 请求
You should apply immediately, in person or by letter. 你应该立即申请, 亲自去也好, 写信也好. * apply to the publishers for permission to reprint an extract 向出版者请求准予转印节录 * apply for a job, post, passport, visa 申请工作﹑职位﹑护照﹑签证. make (a law, etc) operate or become effective使（法律等）实施或生效
apply a law/rule/precept 执行法律[规则/规程] * apply economic sanctions 施行经济制裁.
6. In the following years, more CD recordings became available, and in 1988, for the first
time ever, people were demanding more CDs than LPs.(page 3, lines 48-49) demand need, to need in order to be successful 需求（某事物）; 需要 demand+n/prnoun/to infinitive/object clause
This sort of work demands great patience. 这种工作需要极大耐性.
* Does the letter demand an immediate answer? = Must it be answered at once?
The work of a teacher demands great care and patience.教师的工作需要极大的细心和耐心. demand ask for (sth) as if one is commanding, or as if one has a right to do so 要求, 请求（某事物）
demand an apology (from sb) 要求（某人）道歉
* The workers are demanding better pay. 工人要求提高工资. She demanded to speak to the manager. 她要求跟经理谈话.
He demands that he (should) be told/demands to be told everything.他要求将一切都告诉他. demand (for sb to do sth); ~ (for sth/that...)
command, or sth which is given as if it was a command 要求; 请求 receive a tax demand 接到纳税通知
It is impossible to satisfy all your demands. 满足你所有的要求是不可能的.
There have been fresh demands for the Prime Minister to resign. 人们最近不断要求首相辞职. * demands for reform/that there should be reform 改革要求.
supply and demand [经] 供应与需求
7. Development of MP3 technology started in 1987 in Germany and since the beginning of
1999, the popularity of MP3 has increased to such a degree that major corporations are taking over the portable music player market with MP3 players. (page 3, lines 53-56) degree [C, U] step or stage in a scale or series 程度; 等级
She shows a high degree of skill in her work. 她在工作中表现出高度的技巧.
He was not in the slightest degree interested, ie was completely uninterested. 他丝毫不感兴趣. ? To what degree (= To what extent, How much) was he involved in the crimes? 他在多大程度上参与了这些犯罪活动?
The children have different degrees of ability. 孩子的能力高低各不相同. To what degree can they be trusted. 对他们能信任到什么程度.
To what degree is she interested in films? 她对电影的兴趣都到了什么程度了?
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8. Because of the popularity of MP3 players, music websites have sprung up all over the
Internet offering MP3 music for people to purchase.(page 3, lines 57-58)
spring up appear, develop, grow, etc quickly or suddenly 迅速地或突然地出现﹑发展﹑生长等 weeds springing up everywhere 很快长得到处都是的杂草
A breeze sprang up as we were returning. 我们回来时突然起了一阵轻风. New houses were springing up all over the town. 全镇各处很快盖起了新房子. spring out of bed
spring to one’s feet (=stand up suddenly) spring n. 春天；弹簧, 发条；泉
9. Germany was the birthplace of MP3, not Japan or the USA as I had assumed they would
be.(page 5) assume
I didn't see your car,so I assumed you'd gone out. 我没有看见你的汽车，所以以为你已经出去了
Assuming that this painting is really a Van Gogh, how much do you think it’s worth? Important Words delight verb [VN] to give sb a lot of pleasure and enjoyment: This news will delight his fans all over the world. Phrasal Verbs: delight in sth / doing sth [no passive] to enjoy doing sth very much, especially sth that makes other people feel embarrassed, uncomfortable, etc.
variety n
[U] quality of not being the same, or not being the same at all times offer, show, lack variety 提供﹑显示出﹑缺乏多样化的事物 * a life full of change and variety 丰富多彩的生活
* We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化.
[sing] ~ (of sth) number or range of different things; assortment 若干不同的事物（的混合） He left for a variety of reasons. 他由於种种原因而离开了.
* a large/wide variety of patterns to choose from 可供选择的种类繁多的花样.
variety store (US) shop selling a wide range of small inexpensive items 杂货铺.
Word Power Important Words function 1 work; operate 起作用; 运转: His brain seems to be functioning normally. 他的大脑看来功能正常. * This machine has stopped functioning= is out of order. 这机器坏了. We now have a functioning shower.
2 ~ as sth work as sth; operate or perform the function of the thing specified 起某物的作用; 具有某物的功能; 起到所述事物的作用
The sofa can also function as a bed. 这沙发也可以当床.
Some English adverbs function as adjectives. 英语中有些副词可作形容词用.
Grammar and usage Important Words 1. direction (p8) n. [U] control or instruction: 命令
The project was under the direction of a well-known academic.
[C] the position towards which someone or sth. moves or faces: 方向
Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another. 汤姆朝一个方向走, 哈里则朝另一个方向 * The aircraft was flying in a northerly direction. 飞机正在向北飞去. * The signpost points in a westerly direction. 路标指向西.
[C,pl.] information or instructions about what to do, where to go, how to do sth, etc 指南; 指示;
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说明书; 用法说明; 操作说明:
Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box. 盒上印有装配模型的简要说明.
* I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house. 我向他作了详细说明, 好让他能找到那房子.
[U] management; supervision; guidance 管理; 监督; 指导; 指点: He did the work under my direction. 他在我的指导下做这件事.
* She was entrusted with the direction of the project. 她受委托负责这项计划. * He feels the need for firm direction = wants sb to guide and advise him.
directions [pl] address on a letter, parcel, etc （信件﹑包裹等上的）姓名地址:
The parcel was returned to the sender because the directions were incorrect. 包裹因姓名地址有误而退给了寄件人.
2. anyhow(p8)
= ANYWAY, whatever the facts may be; in spite of this; at least 无论如何; 即使如此; 至少
It's too late now, anyhow. 无论如何现在已经太迟了. * Anyhow, you can try. 至少你可以试试. in a careless way; not arranged in an order:
She piled the papers in a heap on her desk, just anyhow.
The books were lying on the shelves just/all anyhow. 书都乱放在书架上. * He made notes anyhow across the page. 他在那页上胡乱作了些笔记.
3. up to(p9)
(a) as a maximum number or amount 作为最大数量; 多达:
I can take up to four people in my car. 我的汽车最多能坐四个人. * count up to twenty slowly 慢慢数到二十.
(b) (also up until sth) not further or later than sth; as far as sth 不多於; 不迟於; 直到:
Read up to page 100. 读到第100页. * Up to now he's been quiet. 他直到此刻仍保持沉默. * Up until the war she had never lived alone. 她在战争爆发前从未独自生活过. (c) comparable with sth 可与某事物相比:
It's not up to his usual standard. 这次没达到他平时的水平. (d) capable of sth 有某种能力的; 能胜任:
He's not up to the part of Othello. 他演不了奥赛罗这个角色.
* I don't feel up to going to work today. 我今天不舒服, 不能上班. (e) (infml 口) occupied or busy with sth 正在做着或忙於某事物: What's he up to? 他忙什麽呢?
* He's up to no good, ie doing sth bad. 他现在没干好事. * What tricks has she been up to (=playing)? 她搞什麽鬼呢?
Task Language Points 1. Not everything that you hear will be equally important. (P10) 并非你听到的每一件事情都同样重要
此句为部分否定句,句意是.= Everything that you hear will not be equally important. 在英语中 all, both, every, everyone, everything 等与否定词 not 连用时，表示的是部分否定，而非全部否定。例如：
I don’t know all of them. 我并不全认识他们。
I don’t like both of the books. 这两本书我并不都喜欢。
Not every student goes to the farm on Sundays. 并非每个学生星期天都去农场。 Not everyone in our class likes football. 在我们班并非每个人都喜欢足球。
若要表示全部否定，则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。如： all → none （一个人也没有、没有任何东西）， both → neither （两个都不）， every → no， everyone → no one（nobody）， everything → nothing 等。上述四个例句要表示全部否定应分别为： I know none of them. 他们我都不认识。
I like neither of the books.这两本书我都不喜欢。
No student goes to the farm on Sundays.星期天没有学生去农场。 No one/ Nobody in our class likes football.我们班没有人喜欢足球。
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牛津英语模块七第一单元所有知识点详解
