考研英语翻译常用八大技巧
1.重译法(Repetition)
在翻译中,有时为了忠实于原文,不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。重译法有如下三大作用:一是为了明确;二是为了强调;三是为了生动。
We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa.
译文:___________________________________________________ 2.增译法(Amplification)
为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语。
A new kind aircraft-small, cheap, pilotless -is attracting increasing attention.
译文:_______________________________________________ 3.减译法(Omission)
和其他一切事物一样,翻译也是有增必有减。理解了增译法之后也就明白了减译法,它是增译法的反面。
These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 译文:___________________________________________________ 4.词类转译法(Conversion)
在翻译时,因为两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异,在保证原文意思不变的情况下,译文必须改变词类,这就是词类转译法,这种方法不但指词类的改变,而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化。 (1)a.→v.
The manager is grateful to the customers for their valuable suggestions.
译文:_________________________________________________ (2)n.→a.
In all this great serenity of ocean it is seldom that we espy so much as another ship.
译文:___________________________________________________ 还有其它词类转移的情况,这里将不再一一赘述,总之,词类转移要遵守忠实与通顺的原则。 5.词序调整法(Inversion)
词序调整法的英语inversion一词,不能译成“倒译”、“倒译法”或“颠倒词序”之类,否则容易和语法中的“倒装”概念相混淆。inversion作为一种翻译技巧,其意思为:翻译时对词序作必要或必不可少的改变,并不但仅纯粹的颠倒词序或倒装。
It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.
译文:___________________________________________________ 6.正义反译,反义正译(Negation)
negation在语法与翻译两个不同学科中含义不尽相同。作为一种翻译技巧,它主要指在翻译实践中,为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传
达原文的意思,有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。
(1) 需要正义反译的词和短语有:deny“否决,否定→不给予”;miss“错过→没赶上(交通工具);没听(看到)或没听(看懂)”;live up to one’s expectations“不(没)辜负……的希望”;divert attention from“将注意力从……移开→没有意识到”;be absent“未出席;没来”;far from“远非;完全
不”;final“最终的→不可改变的”;idly“漫不经心地;无所事事地”;be at a loss “不知所措”;rather than/instead of“而不
是”;absent-minded“心不在焉的”;but for“要不是;如果没有”等。 The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying, “We’ll forever live up to what our Party expects of us.” 译文:___________________________________________________ (2)需要反义正译的词汇是含有no或not的一些短语,如:no less than“实在是;正如;很多于”;no less…than“和……一样;不亚于”;no other than“只有;正是”;none other than(用以增强语气)“正是;恰恰是;不是别人,正是……”;nothing but“只有(是);只不过”;no choice but“别无选择只(好)得”;以及一些带有词缀的词,如:unfold“展开;表现”;disappear“消失;失踪”;carelessly“马马虎虎地;粗心地”等。
From the passage we learn that an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice. 译文:_________________________
________________________________________________________ 7.分译法(Division)