英国文学选读
名词解释：
epic 史诗；叙事诗
a long narrative poem in the grand style the Heroic Couplet(英雄双韵体)
The rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter(抑扬格五音步). iambic/iamb
oneunstressed syllabus/one stressed syllabus pentameter
a line with five main beats a common pattern of beats in poetry, in which each line has five iambs. Renaissance
Means rebirth or revival. It’s a movement in Europe where humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman, Catholic Church. Humanism
Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Man is the measure of all things. Human beings were glorious. sonnet
A sonnet is a lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines. metre
formalrhythm in lines of verse rhyme
two or more words with the same sound blank verse
any verses, especially iambic pentameters that do not rhyme ballad(民歌)
originally a song for dancers, then in mediaeval times a simple poem with short stanza a telling a story.
Critical realism 批判现实主义
Is one of the literary trends that flourished mainly in the 19thcentury. The great critical realists described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint. Stream of consciousness意识流
Is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the characterexperiences them.
［标黄的地方考出处，其余考问答］
1.Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟 The Canterbury Tales
Q: How is the setting of the tales described? With such a setting, could you predict the general tone of the tales that are to follow? A: Early spring ; happy, easy, lively, humorous 2.William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚 Hamlet
Q: Why sleep is so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end”“the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”? A: Perhaps there is sufferings in the dream. Romeo and Juliet
Q1: What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginningpassage of the selection? A: Sun.
Q2: What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet? A: Hate.
Q3: What does Romeo mean when he says “Look thou but sweet, / And I am proof against their enmity”?
A: They can not hurt me. Only because you love me. Sonnet 18
押韵方式：ababcdcdefefgg
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexiondimed, And every fair from sometime declines,
By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimmed:
Q: How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? A: You are more lovely and more temperate than summer’s day. 3. Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯培根 Of Marriage and Single Life
Wives are young men’s mistresses, companions for middle age, and old men’s nurses, so as a man may have a quarrel to marry when he will. Of Studies
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. Abeuntstudia in mores.
4. Jonathan Swift 乔纳森斯威夫特 Gulliver’s Travels Yahoos 野胡
5. William Blake 威廉布莱克 The Lamb
组成方式：2 quatrains + couplet 押韵方式：aabbcc
Q1: Does this poem describe a lamb or the mind of the child who is speaking to the lamb? What is the relation of the Lamb and the child to God? A: They combine together. It’s trinity. Q2: What does the Lamb stand for?
A: Symbol of Jesus, and symbol of innocence. The Tyger
押韵方式：aabb
Q: Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other?
A: The Lamb is corresponding the Tiger. Sure. 6. Jane Austen 简奥斯丁 Jane Austen对婚姻的看法：
1. Those who would marry for material wealth and socialposition. 2. Those who would marry just for beauty and passion.
3. Those who would marry for true love based on consideration of the person’s personal merit as well as his economical and social status. 7. George Gordon Byron 乔治戈登拜伦 She Walks in Beauty
Q1: What is the color of the lady’s dress? How do you know? A: Black. Of cloudless climes and starry skies.
Q2: What does “their dwelling place” refer to in the last line of the second stanza? A: Heart and mind.
Q3: Where are the lady’s winning smiles? How do they appear to the poet? A: On the cheek and brow.
8. Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西比希雪莱 Ode to the West Wind
押韵方式：aba bcbcdcdedee
Q1. In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver? A: Destroyed the old world and preserve a new life.
Q2. What is therelationship between the West Wind and the poet? A: The poet is admires the West Wind.
Q3: As “the trumpet of prophecy,” what does the West Wind predict in physical reality? How do you understand it symbolically?
A: Since the revolution is going on, a wonderful fine world will emerge. 9. John Keats 约翰济慈 Ode on a Grecian Urn
‘Beauty is truth, truth beauty, －that is all 10. Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯
Themes in Dickens’ Writing: 1. The powerlessness of children. 2. Man’s humanity to man.
3. Good’s ability to triumph over evil. 4. Man’s inhumanity to man.
5. The outcast’s search for status and identity.
英国文学选读重点
