西安北石桥邓家村污水厂实习报告

目录

一、北石桥污水处理厂············································2 1.引言 ·························································2 1.1实习时间 ···················································2 1.2实习地点 ····················································2 1.3实习目的 ····················································2 2.污水处理主体工艺··············································2 2.1工艺概况·····················································2 2.2主要构筑物特点及设计参数 ····································3 2.2.1粗格栅 ····················································3 2.2.2提升泵 ····················································3 2.2.3细格栅 ···················································4 2.2.4曝气沉砂撇脂池 ···········································4 2.2.5选择池·····················································5 2.2.6氧化沟·····················································5 2.2.7终沉池 ····················································6 2.2.8污泥浓缩池 ················································7 2.2.9污泥脱水车间 ··············································7 2.3小结 ························································8 3.污水处理厂辅助工作············································8 3.1化验分析 ····················································8 3.1.1泥实验 ····················································8 3.3.2水试验 ···················································9 二、邓家村污水处理厂············································9 1.引言··························································9 1.1参观时间·····················································9 1.2参观地点·····················································9 1.3 参观目的····················································9 2.邓家村污水处理厂概况 ·········································9 3.水质标准与工艺流程············································10 4.主要构筑物及设备设计··········································11 4.1一级处理系统 ················································11 4.2二级处理及回用水处理 ········································13 4.3鼓风系统和污泥处理系统 ······································15 5、小结·························································17 附图····························································17 三、实习心得····················································20

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一、北石桥污水处理厂

1.引言

1.1实习时间

2016年12月5日-----2016年12月13日

1.2实习地点

西安市北石桥污水净化中心，其位于西安市西南郊，主要接纳和处理西安市东南郊、南郊和西南郊地区工业企业生产废水和居住区生活污水，其比例为3:7左右。全区流域面积为53.5k m2，规划控制人口60万人。 流域区内主要工业企业有电子、制药、皮革、焦化、化工、造纸工业等。所排污水与南郊文教区和居民住宅区生活污水混合，通过西南部污水截留总管汇集，由东向西排至西南郊北石桥地区进入皂河, 皂河由南向北汇入渭河。由于西安市西南郊地区污水排入，从而引起皂河的严重污染，为此，北石桥污水处理厂的建成投产，将明显改善西安市西南郊地区和渭河、黄河的水环境状况。

1.3实习目的

①全面了解该污水处理厂的工艺流程及特征、相关参数设定、运行状况、处理能力等，将理论学习的知识与实践联合起来，做到活学活用。

②通过接触与参加实际工作，充实扩大，补充自己相关的知识，培养自己的综合能力，为以后走上工作岗位奠定一定的基础。

③通过10天实习生活，加强同学之间集体合作工作的能力及如何与厂内师傅交流相处，建立良好的关系。

2.污水处理主体工艺

2.1工艺概况

西安市北石桥污水净化中心是西北地区规模较大、工艺先进的一座现代化污水处理厂，引进丹麦Kruger公司DE型氧化沟处理工艺，具有流程简单，运行效果稳定，管理方便，基建费用省，抑制丝状菌增长，防止污泥膨胀，污泥沉降性能好，可同时实现污水中N、P去除等优点。设计日处理量15万吨，设计进出水指标如表2.1所示：

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图2.1 北石桥污水净化中心工艺流程图

2.2主要构筑物特点及设计参数 2.2.1粗格栅

为了清除水中的较大的垃圾，防止堵塞提升泵，安装了2台回转耙齿式粗格栅，栅距15mm。其控制方式采用时间控制起决定性作用，液位控制起调节作用，设有超声波探头。垃圾采用螺旋输送器三级提升。粗格栅由于埋于地下，存在雨天易受侵蚀和垃圾水下流的问题。粗格栅前设有进水阀，和溢流阀。如遇暴雨天气等，进水大于该厂的处理能力，通过溢流阀使一部分污水直接外排。溢流阀采用电机带动减速机（增大扭矩，减少速度）的原理控制。

2.2.2提升泵

污水提升泵考虑二期规模的设计，共安装8台竖式离心泵，与卧式泵比较其占地面积较小，但是重心比较高，摆动较大。提升泵由电机、联轴器和泵体三部分组成。包括进水蝶阀，超越阀，出水蝶阀三个阀门，有软启动和变频启动两种启动方式。其包括7台风冷泵，1台水冷泵，进水流量分别为2200m3/h，3100 m3/h。风冷泵有散热孔，自然散热，循环水在联轴器，给轴降温；水冷泵采用循环水降温，其绝缘等级较高，造价较高。一般提升泵设计为2备2用，目前8台泵已经形成一种浪费。

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2.2.3细格栅

为去除污水中悬浮的杂质，保证后处理构筑物的正常运行，安装6台IK501型弧形格栅，功率0.37KW，流量1550m3，栅距10mm，每台宽度1.05m，有自动，手动两种清渣方式。格栅间还设有无轴螺旋输送机1台，将格栅浮渣送出池外。

2.2.4曝气沉砂撇脂池

曝气沉砂撇脂池共建有2座4格。格栅间一层装有两台风机，每24h倒换一

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次，为曝气提供动力，其使水产生巨大的射流，通过相互碰撞，摩擦，油脂和颗粒物分离，2格之间设有挡墙，底部相同，挡墙将力吸收，将力吸收使外面格子的水保持静止状态，方便油脂的分离。沉砂池设有长度为11m的桥式刮渣机1台，设有淹没式砂泵两台，池整体呈梯形，下面窄，上面宽，方便砂泵将池底沉砂送入贮砂槽，并以砂水分离器脱水后装入槽车外运。表面浮油由桥上刮油板刮入浮油井，井中浮油由油脂泵送至池外容器。桥式刮渣机每2h运行一次。

2.2.5选择池

选择池共设2格，拥有混合搅拌器两套，进行泥水混合。出水调节堰板6套 ，分别与氧化沟的6个池子连通，堰板调节由中控室按阶段控制，一进一出。池子为厌氧状态，DO≤0.2mg/L，可有效抑制丝状菌生长。此阶段聚磷菌大量释磷。

2.2.6氧化沟

本厂采用DE型氧化沟工艺，共3组6个单沟，池宽22.0m，长116.5m，有效水深4.50m，共设有转刷60个，搅拌器18台，出水调节堰板12套。氧化沟的运行受时间控制，双沟工作循环一个周期为两个小时。以一组沟为例，一个周期主要包括“一进二出，二进二出，二进一出，一进一出”四个阶段，假设反硝化时间为50min，则四个阶段的主仪器设别的运行情况见表2.2。此工艺在去除污水中BOD5的同时可有效将N、P去除，为出水的远期回用提供了有利的条件。在设计中采用淹没式搅拌器，根据氧化沟运转工况开启，增加氧化沟底部流速；同时在每天转刷的下游方向设有挡板，使转刷推动水流导向池底，从而增加池底流速。这两种设计可有效防止氧化沟积泥问题的产生。由于控制程序时间较长，为了满足工艺需要，节约能源，阶段需要进行一定的手动控制。

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