their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. 第6讲 双曲线
板块四 模拟演练·提能增分
[A级 基础达标]
1.[2024·安徽模拟]下列双曲线中,焦点在y轴上且渐近线方程为y=±2x的是( ) A.x-=1 B.-y=1
44C.y-=1 D.-x=1 44答案 D
解析 由题意,选项A,B的焦点在x轴,故排除A,B;D项的渐近线方程为-x=0,
4即y=±2x.
22
y2x2
x2y2
2
2
y2
2
x2y2
2.[2024·湖北模拟]若双曲线2-2=1的一条渐近线经过点(3,-4),则此双曲线的
ab离心率为( )
A.
7545 B. C. D. 3433
答案 D
bb4解析 由已知可得双曲线的渐近线方程为y=±x,点(3,-4)在渐近线上,∴=,aa3
162252c522222
又a+b=c,∴c=a+a=a,∴e==.故选D.
99a3
3.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]已知F是双曲线C:x-=1的右焦点,P是C上一点,且PF与
3
2
y2
x轴垂直,点A的坐标是(1,3),则△APF的面积为( )
1123A. B. C. D. 3232答案 D
解析 因为F是双曲线C:x-=1的右焦点,所以F(2,0).
3因为PF⊥x轴,所以可设P的坐标为(2,yP). 因为P是C上一点,所以4-=1,解得yP=±3,
3所以P(2,±3),|PF|=3.
又因为A(1,3),所以点A到直线PF的距离为1, 113
所以S△APF=×|PF|×1=×3×1=.故选D.
222
2
y2
y2Px2y25
4.[2024·广东模拟]已知双曲线C:2-2=1的离心率e=,且其右焦点为F2(5,0),
ab4
则双曲线C的方程为( )
their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. A.-=1 B.-=1 43916C.-=1 D.-=1 16934答案 C
x2y2x2
x2y2
y2x2y2
c5
解析 因为双曲线C的右焦点为F2(5,0),所以c=5.因为离心率e==,所以a=4.
a4
又a+b=c,所以b=9. 故双曲线C的方程为-=1.
169
2
2
2
2
x2y2
x2y2
5.P为双曲线2-2=1(a>0,b>0)右支上的一点,且|PF1|=2|PF2|,则双曲线的离心率
ab的取值范围是( )
A.(1,3) B.(1,3] C.(3,+∞) D.[3,+∞) 答案 B
?4a+2a>2c,?
解析 如图,由题意可知?
??a ∴1 当P在x轴上时,4a+2a=2c, ∴e=3. 综合e∈(1,3]. x2y2 6.已知双曲线2-2=1(a>0,b>0)的左、右焦点分别为F1、F2,过点F2作与x轴垂直的 abπ 直线与双曲线一个交点为P,且∠PF1F2=,则双曲线的渐近线方程为________. 6 答案 y=±2x 22 b22bbb2b解析 根据已知可得,|PF1|=且|PF2|=,故-=2a,所以2=2,=2,双 aaaaaa2b2 曲线的渐近线方程为y=±2x. their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011. x2y2 7.[2024·海口调研]已知点F1,F2分别为双曲线2-2=1(a>0,b>0)的左、右焦点,Pab为双曲线左支上的任意一点,且|PF2|=2|PF1|,若△PF1F2为等腰三角形,则双曲线的离心率为________. 答案 2 解析 ∵|PF2|-|PF1|=2a,|PF2|=2|PF1|,∴|PF2|=4a,|PF1|=2a,∵△PF1F2为等腰三角形,∴|PF2|=|F1F2|,即4a=2c,∴=2. cax2y2 8.[2016·北京高考]双曲线2-2=1(a>0,b>0)的渐近线为正方形OABC的边OA,OCab所在的直线,点B为该双曲线的焦点.若正方形OABC的边长为2,则a=________. 答案 2 解析 由OA,OC所在直线为渐近线,且OA⊥OC,知两条渐近线的夹角为90°,从而双曲线为等轴双曲线,则其方程为x-y=a.OB是正方形的对角线,且点B是双曲线的焦点,则c=22,根据c=2a可得a=2. 2 2 2 2 2 x2y2 9.设A,B分别为双曲线2-2=1(a>0,b>0)的左、右顶点,双曲线的实轴长为43, ab焦点到渐近线的距离为3. (1)求双曲线的方程; (2)已知直线y=→→ → 3 x-2与双曲线的右支交于M,N两点,且在双曲线的右支上存在点D,3 使OM+ON=tOD,求t的值及点D的坐标. 解 (1)由题意知a=23, 又∵一条渐近线为y=x,即bx-ay=0. ∴由焦点到渐近线的距离为3,得∴b=3,∴双曲线的方程为 2 ba|bc| b2+a2 =3. x2 12 -=1. 3 y2 (2)设M(x1,y1),N(x2,y2),D(x0,y0), 则x1+x2=tx0,y1+y2=ty0. 3xy2 将直线方程y=x-2代入双曲线方程-=1得x-163x+84=0, 3123则x1+x2=163,y1+y2= 3 (x1+x2)-4=12. 3 2 2 x43??y=3,∴?xy??12-3=1, 002 0 20 ∴? ?x0=43,?y0=3,