专题练习十 定语从句
A
(2019·湖南师大附中高三检测)
For a $2 ticket, people have a chance to win the Mega Millions (超级百万) record—breaking lottery jackpot of $1.6 billion. The drawing (开奖时间) is on Tuesday night in the United States. Players also have a chance at winning the Powerball jackpot (强力球头彩), __1__ is now up to $620 million. That drawing will be on Wednesday night.
Mega Millions is a lottery game played in 44 American states. The winning ticket must match six numbers, from 1 to 70. Several states permit online ticket purchases. The first Mega Millions drawing was on May 17, 2002. That winner received a jackpot of $28 million—a small amount __2__ (compare) to this week's jackpot. The most recent Mega Millions drawing on October 19 was for a jackpot of $1 billion dollars. But no one __3__ (win). It was the 25th drawing in a row that did not result in a winner.
About 280 million tickets __4__ (sell) for the October 19 drawing. Those tickets covered 60 percent of all possible number combinations. So, what are your chances of winning the $1.6 billion jackpot this time? Very, very small.
The financial website The Motley Fool says the chance of someone winning the Mega Millions jackpot is 1 in 302,575,350. The chance is a little better with the Powerball. It is 1 in 292,201,338. You are much __5__ (likely) to get accepted to Harvard University. The Ivy League school accepted 5 percent of its 39,000 __6__ (apply) for its 2021 class. That is __7__ 1 in 20 chance.
Americans even have a better chance at becoming president __8__ they do at winning this week's jackpot. The US population is about 326 million. There are about 10 presidents in an average lifetime, __9__ a person's chances at becoming president are 1 in 32.6 million. However, the US Constitution requires that a person be at least 35 years old and a “natural born citizen” __10__ (elect) president.
本文是一篇说明文。超级百万是一种彩票游戏，在美国44个州进行。一张彩票2美元，人们就有机会赢得16亿美元的创纪录的超级百万彩票大奖。开奖时间是周二晚上。玩家也有机会赢得强力球头奖，目前奖金高达6.2亿美元。抽奖将在星期三晚上进行。
1．which 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：玩家也有机会赢得强力球头奖，目前
奖金高达6.2亿美元。此处the Powerball jackpot是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，故答案为which。
2．compared 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：这位中奖者获得了2 800万美元的头奖——与本周的头奖相比，这只是一小笔钱。compared to/with...“与……相比较”，故答案为compared。
3．won 解析：考查时态。句意：但是没有人赢。结合句意可知句子用一般过去时态，故答案为won。
4．were_sold 解析：考查被动语态。句意：10月19日的抽奖售出了2.8亿张彩票。此处句子主语tickets和sell之间是被动关系，结合句意可知此处是一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为were sold。
5．more_likely 解析：考查比较级。句意：你更有可能被哈佛大学录取。be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”，且much修饰比较级，故答案为 more likely。
6．applicants 解析：考查名词复数。句意：常青藤联盟学校接受了39 000申请者中的5%。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为applicants。
7．a 解析：考查不定冠词。句意：这是1/20的概率。结合句意可知答案为a。 8．than 解析：考查介词。句意：美国人成为总统的机会甚至比赢得本周的头奖还要大。根据前面的比较级better可知此处用介词than，故答案为than。
9．so 解析：考查并列连词。句意：平均一生中大约有10位总统，所以一个人成为总统的几率是3 260万分之一。此处表示因果关系，故答案为so。
10．to_be_elected 解析：考查动词不定式一般式的被动式。句意：然而，美国宪法规定，当选总统的人必须年满35岁，是“本国出生公民”。此处“natural born citizen”和elect之间是一种被动关系，用动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语，故答案为to be elected。
B
(2019·周口中英文学校高三期中)
We all know that the Friday after Thanksgiving means a mad dash to the shopping centre for ridiculous sales. But how did this bargain shopping get __1__ (it) start?
In fact, the first Black Friday had nothing __2__ (do) with Thanksgiving or shopping. The origin of Black Friday as we know it today started in Philadelphia during the 1950s and 1960s. Crowds of people would come to town the day after Thanksgiving for the annual Army-Navy football game to be held the __3__ (follow) Saturday. Streets and __4__ (store) were always crowded, which was great for business but made easy-pickings for shoplifters (行窃者). Local police called this “Black Friday”. Not only did they have to deal with extra traffic __5__ shoplifting, but
they had to work extra hours and couldn't request the day off.
The term didn't go national __6__ the late 1980s, but the __7__ (explain) changed. While shopkeepers __8__ (general) suffered financial losses most of the year, the increase of holiday shoppers marked the first day of real profit. In traditional accounting (会计) practices a few years ago, losses __9__ (record) in red ink, and profits in black ink. So the day after Thanksgiving, __10__ companies go “into the black” and make a profit, became Black Friday.
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黑色星期五的起源及发展。
1．its 解析：考查代词。句意：但是这种廉价购物是如何开始的呢？根据空后的名词start可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its，所以填its。
2．to_do 解析：考查固定用法。句意：事实上，第一个黑色星期五与感恩节和购物无关。have nothing to do with意为“与……没有关系”，为固定用法，所以填to do。
3．following 解析：考查形容词。文中表示“下一个星期六”，所以填following。 4．stores 解析：考查名词复数。store作“商店”讲时，为可数名词，根据前面的Streets可知，该用复数形式，所以填stores。
5．and 解析：考查连词。句意：他们不仅要应付额外的交通和入店行窃，而且还要加班，不能请一天假。extra traffic与shoplifting是并列的，所以用and连接，所以填and。
6．until 解析：考查固定用法。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，这个词才在全国流行起来，但人们对它的解释发生了变化。not...until表示“直到……才”，所以填until。
7．explanation 解析：考查名词。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，这个词才在全国流行起来，但人们对它的解释发生了变化。因为前面有the且空处作主语，用名词形式，所以填explanation。
8．generally 解析：考查副词。句意：尽管店主们在今年大部分时间普遍遭受经济损失，但假日购物人数的增加标志着第一天真正实现了盈利。该空修饰动词，用副词，所以填generally。
9．were_recorded 解析：考查时态和语态。根据时间状语a few years ago，可知是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，losses与record 之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填were recorded。
10．when 解析：考查定语从句。__10__ companies go “into the black” and make a profit, became Black Friday是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when，所以填when。
C
(2019·中原名校第三次质检)
Longjing tea, __1__ has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China
with its color, taste and shape, __2__ (name) after its production region—Longjing Village of West Lake. The good environment and water resources have contributed much to the __3__ (grow) of the tea, confirming the saying that “Longjing tea is the __4__ (good) among all of the teas in the world”．
Thanks __5__ Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the tea has earned a high reputation. The story went that Emperor Qianlong visited the mountain during his Hangzhou travels, and he saw some ladies picking the tea at __6__ foot of the mountain. He was so interested in their movements that he decided to have a go himself.
While __7__ (pick) the tea, he received the news of his mother's illness, so he carelessly put the leaves in his right sleeve and __8__ (leave) Hangzhou for Beijing. He visited his mother __9__ (immediate) upon his arrival in Beijing, and his mother smelt the fragrance of the tea leaves from his sleeves and wanted to have a taste. After drinking a cup of tea, she found herself completely __10__ (refresh), and she even praised it as a cure for all ills. From then on，it was listed as the tribute tea.
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍龙井茶的历史。
1．which 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：龙井茶以其色、味、形在中国十大名茶中名列前茅，以其产地——西湖龙井村命名。此处Longjing tea是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，故答案为which。
2．is_named 解析：考查被动语态。句意：龙井茶以其色、味、形在中国十大名茶中名列前茅，以其产地——西湖龙井村命名。结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，句子主语Longjing tea是单数第三人称，和name之间是被动关系，故答案为is named。
3．growth 解析：考查名词。句意：良好的环境和水资源对茶叶的生长起到了很大的作用，证实了“龙井茶是世界上最好的茶之一”的说法。根据the，可知此空用名词形式，故答案为growth。
4．best 解析：考查最高级。句意：良好的环境和水资源对茶叶的生长起到了很大的作用，证实了“龙井茶是世界上最好的茶之一”的说法。根据句意以及the，可知此空用最高级，故答案为best。
5．to 解析：考查固定结构。句意：多亏了清朝乾隆皇帝，茶叶赢得了很高的声誉。thanks to多亏了……，故答案为to。
6．the 解析：考查固定词组。at the foot of在……脚下，故答案为the。 7．picking 解析：考查现在分词。句意：在摘茶的时候，他收到了母亲生病的消息，所以他不小心把叶子放在他的右袖里，离开杭州去了北京。此处句子主语he和pick之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作时间状语，故答案为picking。
8．left 解析：考查时态。句意：在摘茶的时候，他收到了母亲生病的消息，所以他不小心把叶子放在他的右袖里，离开杭州去了北京。此处是表示过去的并列谓语，故答案为left。
9．immediately 解析：考查副词。句意：他一到北京就去看望了他的母亲，他的母亲从他的袖子里闻到了茶叶的香味，想要尝一尝。此处是副词修饰动词，故答案为immediately。
10．refreshed 解析：考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：喝了一杯茶后，她发现自己完全恢复了精神，她甚至称赞这是治愈一切疾病的良药。此处是find＋宾语＋过去分词，故答案为refreshed。
D
(2019·石嘴山三中第三次模拟)
Last Sunday, I accompanied two of my foreign friends, Tom or Mary, around Chengdu so that they could get a feeling of the amazed city. We began by touring Kuan Zhai Alley, that is known for its traditional Chinese architecture. I know the area very good so I acted as their tour guide. For lunch，I tried some Chengdu fried sauce noodles.Tom thought that they were in particularly delicious. Soon before lunch, we went to the Research Base of Giant Panda to pay a visit to the pandas. Both Mary and Tom fall in love with the lovely pandas. We finished off the day by going shopping, and they bought some paper cuts as souvenir. It was fantastic day and I hope they will come to Chengdu again.
答案
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Chengdu so that they could get a feeling of the amazed city. We began by touring
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area very good so I acted as their tour guide. For lunch, I tried some Chengdu fried
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sauce noodles. Tom thought that they were in＼ particularly delicious. Soon before
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lunch, we went to the Research Base of Giant Panda to pay a visit to the pandas. Both Mary and Tom fall in love with the lovely pandas. We finished off the day by
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going shopping, and they bought some paper cuts as souvenir. It was ∧ fantastic
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day and I hope they will come to Chengdu again.
E
(新课标)2020高考英语二轮复习专题练习10定语从句
