第8讲 彰显水平的强调句、倒装句和Therebe句型
特殊句式是英语中的高级表达,其中,强调和倒装句型是最为常见的特殊句式,它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平,提高写作档次。另外,therebe句型在写作中也是一种常见的高级表达。 一、重点突出的强调句型
强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。强调句型的灵活运用不仅有助于增强表达效果,突出要强调的重点,更能彰显考生对英语表达的把握能力。其基本结构为:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。 (1)Itisnotonlyyourenthusiasmbutalsoyourteamworkandgoodspiritsthatimpressus.
不仅是你们的热情,而且是你们的团队合作和良好的精神给我们留下了深刻的印象。
(2016·天津)
(2)ItwasbyreadingitathirdtimethatTomgotathoroughunderstandingofthepassage. 汤姆读了三遍才彻底理解这篇短文。 1.强调句型的写法
在写作时,可以使用强调句型来提升句子的层次,写作时可采用“四步法”。 第一步:写出一个句子。
IpickedupanoldbagontheplaygroundlastSunday. 第二步:找出要强调的句子成分。 假如要强调地点状语ontheplayground。 第三步:确定强调句型的时态是is还是was。
原句用了一般过去时,所以此处的强调句型也用一般过去时,即itwas... 第四步:套用强调句型:Itis/was+被强调部分+that+其他。 ItwasontheplaygroundthatIpickedupanoldbaglastSunday. 2.强调句型的其他形式
(1)Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that+其他? Wasitonthatfarmthathisfatherspenthischildhood? 是在那个农场里他的父亲度过了童年吗? (2)特殊疑问词+is/wasit+that+其他? Whatwasitthatmadethegirlsosadthatday? 是什么使那个女孩那天那么难过? (3)Itis/wasnotuntil...that...
Itwasnotuntilhefailedtheexamthatherealizedthathewaswrong. 直到他考试不及格,他才意识到自己错了。
3.在写作中使用强调句型时需要注意的问题
(1)被强调的是人时,强调句型中的that可换为who,其余情况一律用that。
???误?Itwasontheplaygroundwherehegothisleftlegbroken.? ??正?Itwasontheplaygroundthathegothisleftlegbroken.?
??误?Itwaslastweekendwhenheranintothestrangerinthestreet.?? ??正?Itwaslastweekendthatheranintothestrangerinthestreet.?
(2)被强调的事物无论是单数还是复数,一律用is/was。
??误?Itwerethesenewbooksthatmadethechildrensoexcited.?? ??正?Itwasthesenewbooksthatmadethechildrensoexcited.?
(3)强调句型不能用于强调谓语,如果强调谓语,用do/does/did+动词原形。 IdohopeyoucanacceptmyapplicationandIpromisetodoallIcantohelpthem.
我的确希望你能接受我的申请,我承诺会竭尽全力帮助他们。(2024·河南洛阳三模) 即时训练1 用强调句型完成句子 1.我昨天晚上在音乐会上看到的是你吗? Was it you that I saw at the concert last night? 2.为什么足球赛必须被推迟? Why was it that the football match must be put off? 3.所有这一切发生在周一晚上。 It was on Monday night that all this happened. 二、平衡句子的倒装句型
在写作中,倒装句型应用比较广泛,涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。 1.“only+状语”置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。 Onlyinthiswaycanwestudentsstudyhappilyandeffectively.
只有以这种方式,我们学生才能愉快、有效地学习。(2015·湖南)
2.none,neither,nor,not,never,hardly,little,seldom等否定词,以及由no构成的否定短语如atnotime,bynomeans等置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。 WangHuaisverystrong-minded.Bynomeanswillhegiveintothedifficulties. 王华意志非常坚强,他决不会向困难屈服。
3.在so/such...that...结构中,当so/such...位于句首时,其后的句子用部分倒装,但that从句不需要倒装。
SoexcitedwasIthatIcouldn’twaittotrymyhandatridingit. 我太激动了,迫不及待地想试着骑它。
4.as/though尽管……(as引导让步状语从句时,从句必须用倒装结构;though引导让步状语从句时,从句也可不倒装)
Youngas/thoughsheis,sheknowshowtogetonwellwithhercolleagues. 她虽然年轻,但是知道怎样和同事相处好。
5.were/should/had...如果……(if引导虚拟语气时,可省略if,从句部分倒装) Lookingback,IfeelIwouldn’tbeabletorideabikehadIlostheart. 回顾以往,我感觉如果我失去了信心就学不会骑自行车。
6.here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,onthewall,intheroom等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词而不是代词时,句子用全部倒装。 NextcamethemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselves. 下一步,我让他们自己试一试。(2024·北京) 即时训练2 用倒装句型完成句子 1.直到那时他才意识到自己应该更努力学习。 Only then did he realize that he should work harder. 2.李平那么幽默且乐于助人,所以我们都喜欢他。 So humorous and helpful is Li Ping that we all like him very much. 3.附在这个邮件上的是我为我的团队制定的培训计划,我希望你读一下并提出建议。 (2024·天津) Attached to this email is a training plan I have worked out for my team,which I hope you’ll read and make some suggestions. 三、therebe句型 1.therebe的基本句型
(1)therebe结构表示“某处有某物”,有不同的时态形式,而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
①AteightonthemorningofOctober1andtherewillbeaminibuswaitingforus.
在10月1日早上8点我们要在东方宾馆门口集合,将有一辆小型公共汽车等着我们。
(2017·浙江)
②Thereisplentyoffunforteenagersinsummer,includinggoingcamping,goingtothebeach,goingswimmingatpublicpoolsandtravelinglocallywithfriends.
对于青少年来说,夏天有很多趣事,包括宿营、去海滨、在公共泳池游泳、与朋友在当地游玩。(2016·四川)
③Inspiteofthelarge-scaleconstructionofroadsandhighways,thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement. 尽管大规模建设道路和公路,但仍有很大的改进空间。(2015·江苏)
(2)在therebe句型中,谓语动词和后面的主语在数上要保持一致。如果有两个或者更多的主语,则与离动词最近的那个主语保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”。
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wearetogatheratthegateoftheOrientHotel
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①Thereisapen,somebooksandalaptoponthedesk. 桌子上有一支钢笔、一些书和一台笔记本电脑。 ②Therearesomebooks,apenandalaptoponthedesk. 桌子上有一些书、一支钢笔和一台笔记本电脑。 2.therebe的拓展句型
(1)Therebe+主语+现在分词/过去分词 (2)Therebe+主语+定语从句/同位语从句 (3)Therebe+主语+forsb.todo... (4)Thereseems/appearstobe...好像有…… (5)Therehappenstobe...碰巧有…… (6)Thereislikelytobe...可能有…… (7)Thereusedtobe...过去有…… (8)Thereisnodoubtthat...毫无疑问…… (9)Thereisnoneedtodo...没有必要做…… (10)Thereisnopossibilitythat...……是不可能的 (11)Thereisnosense/point (in) doing...做……没有意义 (12)Thereisnodenyingthat...不可否认……
①ThereisnodoubtthatyouaresupposedtoknowaboutthehistoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance. 你应该提前了解唐朝的历史,这是毫无疑问的。(2017·全国Ⅰ) ②Therearealotofproblemsforustosettle. 有很多问题等待我们来解决。
③Thereareagreatmanyboysplayingfootballontheplayground. 有很多男生在操场上踢足球。 即时训练3 翻译句子 1.楼后面有一棵生长了好多年的大树。 Behind the building there has been a big tree for many years. 2.后墙上挂着一幅很旧的照片。 There is an old picture hanging on the back wall. 3.这台机器好像出毛病了。 There seems to be something wrong with this machine. 4.过去这棵古树后面有一座古庙。 There used to be an old temple behind the old tree. 综合演练
Ⅰ.将下列句子改为倒装句
1.Ifyoudon’tattendthelecture,Ishallnotattendit,either. →If you don’t attend the lecture,neither/nor shall I.
2.Thenursesnotonlywantapayincrease,buttheywantreducedhoursaswell.
→Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,but they want reduced hours as well. 3.ThewaterinthebottlesmellssoterriblethatIfeelsick.
→So terrible does the water in the bottle smell that I feel sick. 4.Hewasabletogetbacktoschoolonlywhenhewasgettingbetter. →Only when he was getting better was he able to get back to school. 5.Theyactuallybynomeansbroketherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.
→By no means did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them. 6.Mymotherhadhardlysatdownwhenthetelephonerang. →Hardly had my mother sat down when the telephone rang.
7.ItneveroccurredtoJackthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.
→Never did it occur to Jack that he could one day become a top student in his class. 8.Thoughitisshort,thearticleisveryimportant. →Short though/as it is,the article is very important.
9.Hedidn’tknowwhattheGreatWallwaslikeuntilhevisitedBeijing. →Not until he visited Beijing did he know what the Great Wall was like. 10.Thedoorsuddenlyopened,andagroupofstudentsrushedin. →The door suddenly opened,and in rushed a group of students. Ⅱ.用强调句型或倒装句型完成句子
11.到目前为止,没有科学证据表明究竟是什么造成恐龙的灭绝。
Uptillnow,therehasbeennoscientificevidenceaboutwhat it was thatcausedthedeathofdinosaurs. 12.这样做,你不仅能够提高你自己,而且会使你很快适应这个群体。(2024·哈尔滨三中二模) Bydoingthis,not only can youimproveyourselfbutyouwillgetyourselfinvolvedinthegroupquickly. 13.直到失去健康我们才意识到它的价值。 Itisnot until we lose health thatwerealizeitsvalue. 14.取得了那么大的进步,他的家人都很高兴。 Such great progress has he madethathisfamilyisveryhappy. 15.一群年轻人走了出来,还在讨论着那场表演。
Out walked a group of young people,stilldiscussingtheperformance. Ⅲ.根据以下内容要点写一篇100词左右的短文,尽量多地使用特殊句式 (2024·广西钦州三模)
假定你是李华,从网上得知你的美国朋友Phil的家乡遭受龙卷风(tornado)袭击。请你写封邮件安慰他。内容包括: